Editing Umbriel (section)

== References ==

{{Reflist
| colwidth = 30em
| refs =

<ref name="dict-def">
{{MW|Umbriel}}
</ref>

<ref name="Smith Soderblom et al. 1986">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1126/science.233.4759.43| last1 = Smith| first1 = B. A.| last2 = Soderblom| first2 = L. A.| last3 = Beebe| first3 = A.| last4 = Bliss| first4 = D.| last5 = Boyce| first5 = J. M.| last6 = Brahic| first6 = A.| last7 = Briggs| first7 = G. A.| last8 = Brown| first8 = R. H.| last9 = Collins| first9 = S. A.| date = July 4, 1986| title = Voyager 2 in the Uranian System: Imaging Science Results| journal = Science| volume = 233| issue = 4759| pages = 43–64| pmid = 17812889| bibcode = 1986Sci...233...43S| s2cid = 5895824| ref = {{sfnRef|Smith Soderblom et al.|1986}}| url = https://zenodo.org/record/1230972}}
</ref>

<ref name="Karkoschka 2001, Hubble">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1006/icar.2001.6596| last = Karkoschka| first = Erich| author-link = Erich Karkoschka| year = 2001| title = Comprehensive Photometry of the Rings and 16 Satellites of Uranus with the Hubble Space Telescope| journal = [[Icarus (journal)|Icarus]]| volume = 151| issue = 1| pages = 51–68| bibcode = 2001Icar..151...51K| ref = {{sfnRef|Karkoschka, Hubble|2001}}}}
</ref>

<ref name="Hussmann Sohl et al. 2006">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.005| last1 = Hussmann| first1 = Hauke| last2 = Sohl| first2 = Frank| last3 = Spohn| first3 = Tilman| date = November 2006| title = Subsurface oceans and deep interiors of medium-sized outer planet satellites and large trans-neptunian objects| journal = [[Icarus (journal)|Icarus]]| volume = 185| issue = 1| pages = 258–273| url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225019299| bibcode = 2006Icar..185..258H| ref = {{sfnRef|Hussmann Sohl et al.|2006}}}}
</ref>

<!--<ref name="Jacobson Campbell et al. 1992">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1086/116211| last1 = Jacobson| first1 = R. A.| last2 = Campbell| first2 = J. K.| last3 = Taylor| first3 = A. H.| last4 = Synnott| first4 = S. P.| date=June 1992 | title = The masses of Uranus and its major satellites from Voyager tracking data and earth-based Uranian satellite data| journal = The Astronomical Journal| volume = 103| issue = 6| pages = 2068–2078| bibcode = 1992AJ....103.2068J| ref = {{sfnRef|Jacobson Campbell et al.|1992}}}}
</ref> -->

<ref name="Grundy Young et al. 2006">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.04.016| last1 = Grundy| first1 = W. M.| last2 = Young| first2 = L. A.| last3 = Spencer| first3 = J. R.| last4 = Johnson| first4 = R. E.| last5 = Young| first5 = E. F.| last6 = Buie| first6 = M. W.| date=October 2006 | title = Distributions of H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> ices on Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon from IRTF/SpeX observations| journal = [[Icarus (journal)|Icarus]]| volume = 184| issue = 2| pages = 543–555| arxiv = 0704.1525| bibcode = 2006Icar..184..543G| s2cid = 12105236| ref = {{sfnRef|Grundy Young et al.|2006}}}}
</ref>

<ref name="Squyres Reynolds et al. 1988">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1029/JB093iB08p08779| last1 = Squyres| first1 = S. W.| last2 = Reynolds| first2 = Ray T.| last3 = Summers| first3 = Audrey L.| last4 = Shung| first4 = Felix| year = 1988| title = Accretional Heating of the Satellites of Saturn and Uranus| journal = [[Journal of Geophysical Research]]| volume = 93| issue = B8| pages = 8779–8794| bibcode = 1988JGR....93.8779S| ref = {{sfnRef|Squyres Reynolds et al.|1988}}| hdl = 2060/19870013922| hdl-access = free}}
</ref>

<ref name="Moore Schenk et al. 2004">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.05.009| last1 = Moore| first1 = Jeffrey M.| last2 = Schenk| first2 = Paul M.| last3 = Bruesch| first3 = Lindsey S.| last4 = Asphaug| first4 = Erik| last5 = McKinnon| first5 = William B.| date=October 2004 | title = Large impact features on middle-sized icy satellites| journal = [[Icarus (journal)|Icarus]]| volume = 171| issue = 2| pages = 421–443| url = http://planets.oma.be/ISY/pdf/article_Icy.pdf| bibcode = 2004Icar..171..421M| ref = {{sfnRef|Moore Schenk et al.|2004}}
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Mousis 2004">
{{cite journal|year=2004|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20031515|bibcode=2004A&A...413..373M|pages=373&ndash;380 |volume=413 | first=O.|title=Modeling the thermodynamical conditions in the Uranian subnebula – Implications for regular satellite composition|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics|last=Mousis|doi-access=free}}
</ref>

<ref name="Croft1989">
{{cite conference
| last = Croft
| first = S. K.
| title = New geological maps of Uranian satellites Titania, Oberon, Umbriel and Miranda
| date = 1989
| publisher = Lunar and Planetary Sciences Institute, Houston
| work = Proceedings of Lunar and Planetary Sciences
| volume = 20
| page = 205C
| bibcode = 1989LPI....20..205C
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Herschel 1798">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1098/rstl.1798.0005| last = Herschel| first = William Sr.| author-link = William Herschel| date = January 1, 1798| title = On the Discovery of Four Additional Satellites of the Georgium Sidus. The Retrograde Motion of Its Old Satellites Announced; And the Cause of Their Disappearance at Certain Distances from the Planet Explained| journal = Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London| volume = 88| pages = 47–79| bibcode = 1798RSPT...88...47H| doi-access = free}}
</ref>

<ref name="Lassell 1851">
{{cite journal
| last = Lassell
| first = W.
| title = On the interior satellites of Uranus
| journal = [[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]]
| volume = 12
| date = 1851
| pages = 15–17
| bibcode = 1851MNRAS..12...15L
| doi=10.1093/mnras/12.1.15
| doi-access = free
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Plescia 1987">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1029/JA092iA13p14918| last = Plescia| first = J. B.| date = December 30, 1987| title = Cratering history of the Uranian satellites: Umbriel, Titania and Oberon| journal = [[Journal of Geophysical Research]]| issn = 0148-0227| volume = 92| issue = A13| pages = 14,918–14,932| bibcode = 1987JGR....9214918P}}
</ref>

<ref name="Kuiper 1949">
{{cite journal|page=129|issue=360|doi=10.1086/126146|bibcode=1949PASP...61..129K|volume=61|journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific|year=1949|title=The Fifth Satellite of Uranus|last=Kuiper | first=G. P.|s2cid=119916925 |doi-access=free}}
</ref>

<ref name="Ness Acuña et al. 1986">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1126/science.233.4759.85| last1 = Ness| first1 = Norman F.| last2 = Acuña| first2 = Mario H.| last3 = Behannon| first3 = Kenneth W.| last4 = Burlaga| first4 = Leonard F.| last5 = Connerney| first5 = John E. P.| last6 = Lepping| first6 = Ronald P.| last7 = Neubauer| first7 = Fritz M.| date=July 1986 | title = Magnetic Fields at Uranus| journal = Science| volume = 233| issue = 4759| pages = 85–89| pmid = 17812894| bibcode = 1986Sci...233...85N| s2cid = 43471184| ref = {{sfnRef|Ness Acuña et al.|1986}}}}
</ref>

<ref name="orbit">
{{cite web
| title = Planetary Satellite Mean Orbital Parameters
| publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
| url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_elem
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Lassell, letter 1851">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1086/100198| last = Lassell| first = William| author-link = William Lassell| date=December 1851 | title = Letter from William Lassell, Esq., to the Editor| journal = Astronomical Journal| volume = 2| issue = 33| page = 70| bibcode = 1851AJ......2...70L| ref = {{sfnRef|Lassell, .27.27letter.27.27|1851}}}}
</ref>

<ref name="Stone 1987">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1029/JA092iA13p14873| last = Stone| first = E. C.| date = December 30, 1987| title = The Voyager 2 Encounter with Uranus| journal = [[Journal of Geophysical Research]]| issn = 0148-0227| volume = 92| issue = A13| pages = 14,873–14,876| bibcode = 1987JGR....9214873S| url = https://authors.library.caltech.edu/45315/1/1986-01.pdf}}
</ref>

<ref name="Bell McCord 1991">
{{cite conference
| last1 = Bell
| first1 = J. F. III
| last2 = McCord
| first2 = T. B.
| date = 1991
| title = A search for spectral units on the Uranian satellites using color ratio images
| conference = Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 21st, Mar. 12–16, 1990
| publisher = Lunar and Planetary Sciences Institute
| location = Houston, TX, United States
| type = Conference Proceedings
| pages = 473–489
| bibcode = 1991LPSC...21..473B
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Lassell 1852">
{{cite journal
| last = Lassell
| first = W.
| date = 1852
| language = de
| title = Beobachtungen der Uranus-Satelliten
| journal = Astronomische Nachrichten
| volume = 34
| page = 325
| bibcode = 1852AN.....34..325.
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Hillier & Squyres 1991">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1029/91JE01401| last1 = Hillier| first1 = John| last2 = Squyres| first2 = Steven W.| date=August 1991 | title = Thermal stress tectonics on the satellites of Saturn and Uranus| journal = [[Journal of Geophysical Research]]| volume = 96| issue = E1| pages = 15,665–15,674| bibcode = 1991JGR....9615665H}}
</ref>

<ref name="Miller Chanover 2009">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.12.010| last1 = Miller| first1 = C.| last2 = Chanover| first2 = N. J.| date=March 2009 | title = Resolving dynamic parameters of the August 2007 Titania and Ariel occultations by Umbriel| journal = [[Icarus (journal)|Icarus]]| volume = 200| issue = 1| pages = 343–346| bibcode = 2009Icar..200..343M}}
</ref>

<ref name="Arlot Dumas et al. 2008">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:200810134| last1 = Arlot| first1 = J. -E.| last2 = Dumas| first2 = C.| last3 = Sicardy| first3 = B.| date=December 2008 | title = Observation of an eclipse of U-3 Titania by U-2 Umbriel on December 8, 2007 with ESO-VLT| journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics| volume = 492| issue = 2| pages = 599–602| bibcode=2008A&A...492..599A| ref = {{sfnRef|Arlot Dumas et al.|2008}}| doi-access = free}}
</ref>

<ref name="JPLSSD">
{{cite web
| title = Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters
| publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Solar System Dynamics)
| url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?sat_phys_par
| access-date = May 28, 2009
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Thomas 1988">
{{cite journal|year=1988|doi=10.1016/0019-1035(88)90054-1|bibcode=1988Icar...73..427T|pages=427&ndash;441 |volume=73 | first=P. C.|last=Thomas|title=Radii, shapes, and topography of the satellites of Uranus from limb coordinates|journal=[[Icarus (journal)|Icarus]]|issue=3}}
</ref>

<ref name="Tittemore Wisdom 1990">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1016/0019-1035(90)90125-S| last1 = Tittemore| first1 = William C.| last2 = Wisdom| first2 = Jack| date=June 1990 | title = Tidal evolution of the Uranian satellites: III. Evolution through the Miranda-Umbriel 3:1, Miranda-Ariel 5:3, and Ariel-Umbriel 2:1 mean-motion commensurabilities| journal = [[Icarus (journal)|Icarus]]| volume = 85| issue = 2| pages = 394–443| bibcode = 1990Icar...85..394T| hdl = 1721.1/57632| hdl-access = free}}
</ref>

<ref name="Tittemore Wisdom 1989">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1016/0019-1035(89)90070-5| last1 = Tittemore| first1 = William C.| last2 = Wisdom| first2 = Jack| date=March 1989 | title = Tidal evolution of the Uranian satellites: II. An explanation of the anomalously high orbital inclination of Miranda| journal = [[Icarus (journal)|Icarus]]| volume = 78| issue = 1| pages = 63–89| bibcode = 1989Icar...78...63T| hdl = 1721.1/57632| hdl-access = free}}
</ref>

<ref name="Malhotra Dermott 1990">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1016/0019-1035(90)90126-T| last1 = Malhotra| first1 = Renu| last2 = Dermott| first2 = Stanley F.| date=June 1990 | title = The role of secondary resonances in the orbital history of Miranda| journal = [[Icarus (journal)|Icarus]]| volume = 85| issue = 2| pages = 444–480| issn = 0019-1035| bibcode = 1990Icar...85..444M| doi-access = free}}
</ref>

<ref name="Struve 1848">
{{cite journal
| last = Struve
| first = O.
| date = 1848
| title = Note on the Satellites of Uranus
| journal = [[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]]
| volume = 8
| issue = 3
| pages = 44–47
| bibcode = 1848MNRAS...8...43L
| doi=10.1093/mnras/8.3.43
| doi-access = free
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Buratti Mosher 1991">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1016/0019-1035(91)90064-Z| last1 = Buratti| first1 = Bonnie J.| last2 = Mosher| first2 = Joel A.| date=March 1991 | title = Comparative global albedo and color maps of the Uranian satellites| journal = [[Icarus (journal)|Icarus]]| volume = 90| issue = 1| pages = 1–13| issn = 0019-1035| bibcode = 1991Icar...90....1B}}
</ref>

<ref name="hunt">
{{cite book
| last = Hunt
| first = Garry E.
|author2=Patrick Moore
 | date = 1989
| title = Atlas of Uranus
| publisher = Cambridge University Press.
| isbn = 978-0-521-34323-7
| url = https://archive.org/details/atlasofuranus00hunt_1
| url-access = registration
| page = [https://archive.org/details/atlasofuranus00hunt_1/page/82 82]
| quote = Umbriel crater Skynd.
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Helfenstein Thomas et al. 1989">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1038/338324a0| last1 = Helfenstein | first1 = P.| last2 = Thomas | first2 = P. C.| last3 = Veverka | first3 = J.| date =March 1989| title = Evidence from Voyager II photometry for early resurfacing of Umbriel| journal = Nature| volume = 338| issue = 6213| pages = 324–326| issn = 0028-0836| bibcode = 1989Natur.338..324H| s2cid = 4260333 | ref = {{sfnRef|Helfenstein Thomas et al.|1989}}}}
</ref>

<ref name="usgsWunda">
{{cite web
| title = Umbriel:Wunda
| publisher = United States Geological Survey, Astrogeology
| work = Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature
| url = http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/jsp/FeatureNameDetail.jsp?feature=66756
| access-date = August 8, 2009
}}
</ref>

<ref name="usgs">
{{cite web
| title = Umbriel Nomenclature Table Of Contents
| publisher = United States Geological Survey, Astrogeology
| work = Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature
| url = http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/jsp/FeatureTypes2.jsp?system=Uranus&body=Umbriel&systemID=7&bodyID=36&sort=AName&show=Fname&show=Lat&show=Long&show=Diam&show=Stat&show=Orig
| access-date = September 26, 2009
}}
</ref>

<ref name="Krimigis Armstrong et al. 1986">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1126/science.233.4759.97| last1 = Krimigis| first1 = S. M.| last2 = Armstrong| first2 = T. P.| last3 = Axford| first3 = W. I.| last4 = Cheng| first4 = A. F.| last5 = Gloeckler| first5 = G.| last6 = Hamilton| first6 = D. C.| last7 = Keath| first7 = E. P.| last8 = Lanzerotti| first8 = L. J.| last9 = Mauk| first9 = B. H.| date = July 4, 1986| title = The Magnetosphere of Uranus: Hot Plasma and Radiation Environment| journal = Science| volume = 233| issue = 4759| pages = 97–102| pmid = 17812897| bibcode = 1986Sci...233...97K| s2cid = 46166768| ref = {{sfnRef|Krimigis Armstrong et al.|1986}}}}
</ref>

<ref name="Strobell & Masursky 1987">
{{cite journal
| last1 = Strobell
| first1 = M. E.
| last2 = Masursky
| first2 = H.
|date=March 1987
| title = New Features Named on the Moon and Uranian Satellites
| journal = Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
| volume = 18
| pages = 964–965
| bibcode = 1987LPI....18..964S
}}
</ref>

<ref name=Sori2017>{{Cite journal|last1=Sori|first1=Michael M.|last2=Bapst|first2=Jonathan|last3=Bramson|first3=Ali M.|last4=Byrne|first4=Shane|last5=Landis|first5=Margaret E.|year=2017|title=A Wunda-full world? Carbon dioxide ice deposits on Umbriel and other Uranian moons|journal=[[Icarus (journal)|Icarus]]|volume=290|pages=1–13|doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2017.02.029|bibcode = 2017Icar..290....1S }}</ref>

<ref name="French et al. 2024">{{Cite journal |last1=French |first1=Richard G. |last2=Hedman |first2=Matthew M. |last3=Nicholson |first3=Philip D. |last4=Longaretti |first4=Pierre-Yves |last5=McGhee-French |first5=Colleen A. |date=March 15, 2024 |title=The Uranus system from occultation observations (1977–2006): Rings, pole direction, gravity field, and masses of Cressida, Cordelia, and Ophelia |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103524000150 |journal=[[Icarus (journal)|Icarus]] |volume=411 |pages=115957 |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2024.115957 |issn=0019-1035|arxiv=2401.04634 |bibcode=2024Icar..41115957F }}
</ref>

}}