Editing Twin Peaks (section)

==Production==

===Development===
In the 1980s, [[Mark Frost]] worked for three years as a writer for the television police drama ''[[Hill Street Blues]]'' (1981–1987), which featured a large cast and extended story lines.<ref name="woodward"/> Following his success with ''[[The Elephant Man (1980 film)|The Elephant Man]]'' (1980) and ''[[Blue Velvet (film)|Blue Velvet]]'' (1986), [[David Lynch]] was hired by a [[Warner Bros.]] executive to direct a film about the life of [[Marilyn Monroe]] named ''Venus Descending'', based on the best-selling book ''Goddess''. Lynch recalls being "sort of interested. I loved the idea of this woman in trouble, but I didn't know if I liked it being a real story."<ref name="rodley">{{cite book |last=Rodley |first=Chris |title=Lynch on Lynch |publisher=[[Faber and Faber]] |isbn=0-571-19548-2 |year=1997}}</ref> 

Lynch and Frost first worked together on the ''Goddess'' screenplay, and although the project was dropped by Warner Bros., they became good friends. They went on to work as writer and director for ''One Saliva Bubble'', a film with [[Steve Martin]] attached to star, but it was never made either. Lynch's agent, Tony Krantz, encouraged him to do a television show. Lynch said: "Tony I don't want to do a TV show."<ref name="Origins">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGd6lnYTTY8 |title=David Lynch In Conversation |publisher=[[Gallery of Modern Art, Brisbane|QAGOMA]] |date=June 15, 2015 |website=YouTube |time=27:30 |access-date=February 27, 2020 |archive-date=December 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201228024600/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGd6lnYTTY8 |url-status=live}}</ref> 

He took Lynch to Nibblers restaurant in Los Angeles and said: "You should do a show about real life in America—your vision of America the same way you demonstrated it in ''Blue Velvet''." Lynch got an "idea of a small-town thing", and though he and Frost were not keen on it, they decided to humor Krantz. Frost wanted to tell "a sort of [[Dickensian]] story about multiple lives in a contained area that could sort of go perpetually". Originally, the show was to be titled ''North Dakota'' and set in the  [[Geography of North Dakota#Great Plains|Plains region]] of [[North Dakota]].<ref name="inside twin peaks">{{cite web |url=http://welcometotwinpeaks.com/news/inside-twin-peaks-mark-frost/ |title=Inside Twin Peaks: Mark Frost Interview Live After Episode 9 Aired In 1990 (Video) |publisher=WelcomeToTwinPeaks.com |date=October 11, 2014 |access-date=October 19, 2014 |archive-date=October 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019142347/http://welcometotwinpeaks.com/news/inside-twin-peaks-mark-frost/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

After Frost, Krantz, and Lynch rented a screening room in [[Beverly Hills]] and screened ''[[Peyton Place (film)|Peyton Place]]'', they decided to develop the town before its inhabitants.<ref name="woodward">{{cite news |last=Woodward |first=Richard B. |title=When ''Blue Velvet'' Meets ''Hill Street Blues'' |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 8, 1990 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/08/arts/television-when-blue-velvet-meets-hill-street-blues.html |access-date=March 10, 2010 |archive-date=November 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102025251/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/08/arts/television-when-blue-velvet-meets-hill-street-blues.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="patterson">{{cite magazine |last1=Patterson |first1=Troy |last2=Jensen |first2=Jeff |title=Our Town |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=Spring 2000 |url=http://www.twin-peaks.fr/articles/serie/ewspecial.html |access-date=January 16, 2011 |archive-date=December 26, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101226033354/http://twin-peaks.fr/articles/serie/ewspecial.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Due to the lack of forests and mountains in North Dakota, the title was changed from ''North Dakota'' to ''Northwest Passage'' (the title of the pilot episode), and the location to the [[Pacific Northwest]], specifically [[Washington (state)|Washington]].<ref name="inside twin peaks"/><ref name="patterson" /> They then drew a map and decided that there would be a lumber mill in the town.<ref name="woodward" /> Then they came up with an image of a body washing up on the shore of a lake.<ref name="woodward" /><ref name="chion">{{cite book |last=Chion |first=Michel |title=David Lynch |page=100 |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |year=1995}}</ref> 

Lynch remembers: "We knew where everything was located and that helped us determine the prevailing atmosphere and what might happen there."<ref name="chion" /> Frost remembers that he and Lynch came up with the notion of the [[girl next door]] leading a "desperate double life" that would end in murder.<ref name="patterson" /> The idea was inspired, in part, by the unsolved 1908 murder of Hazel Irene Drew in [[Sand Lake, New York]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/hazels-brutal-murder-was-all-but-forgotten-until-she-inspired-twin-peaks/2017/05/10/b0d064a4-31dd-11e7-8674-437ddb6e813e_story.html |title=Hazel's brutal murder was all but forgotten. Until she inspired 'Twin Peaks' |first1=David |last1=Bushman |first2=Mark |last2=Givens |date=May 11, 2017 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=May 12, 2017 |archive-date=May 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512123836/https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/hazels-brutal-murder-was-all-but-forgotten-until-she-inspired-twin-peaks/2017/05/10/b0d064a4-31dd-11e7-8674-437ddb6e813e_story.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

Lynch and Frost pitched the idea to [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] during the [[1988 Writers Guild of America strike]]<ref name="fuller">{{cite news |last=Fuller |first=Graham |title=A Town Like Malice: Maverick Director David Lynch had made a bizarre soap opera for American television |work=[[The Independent]] |date=November 24, 1989}}</ref> in a ten-minute meeting with the network's drama head, Chad Hoffman, with nothing more than this image and a concept.<ref name="chion" /> According to the director, the mystery of who killed Laura Palmer was initially going to be in the foreground, but would recede gradually as viewers got to know the other townsfolk and the problems they were having.<ref name="chion" /> Lynch and Frost wanted to mix a police investigation with a soap opera.<ref name="chion" /> ABC liked the idea and asked Lynch and Frost to write a screenplay for the pilot episode. They had been talking about the project for three months and wrote the screenplay in 10 days.<ref name="woodward2">{{cite news |last=Woodward |first=Richard B. |title=A Dark Lens on America |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 14, 1990 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/14/magazine/a-dark-lens-on-america.html |access-date=March 10, 2010 |archive-date=June 4, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100604135046/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/14/magazine/a-dark-lens-on-america.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Frost wrote more verbal characters, like Benjamin Horne, while Lynch was responsible for Agent Cooper. According to Lynch, "He says a lot of the things I say."<ref name="woodward" />

ABC Entertainment President [[Brandon Stoddard]] ordered the two-hour pilot for a possible [[1989–90 United States network television schedule|fall 1989 series]]. He left the position in March 1989 as Lynch went into production.<ref name="jerome2">{{cite magazine |last=Jerome |first=Jim |title=The Triumph of ''Twin Peaks'' |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=April 6, 1990 |url=http://www.thecityofabsurdity.com/twinpeaks/tparticle9.html |access-date=January 16, 2011 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716230129/http://www.thecityofabsurdity.com/twinpeaks/tparticle9.html |url-status=live}}</ref> They filmed the pilot for $4&nbsp;million with an agreement with ABC that they would shoot an additional "ending" to it so that it could be sold directly to video in Europe as a [[feature film]] if the TV show was not picked up.<ref name="patterson" /> ABC's [[Bob Iger]] and his creative team took over, saw the [[dailies]], and met with Frost and Lynch to get the [[Story arc|arc]] of the stories and characters.<ref name="jerome2" /> 

Although Iger liked the pilot, he had difficulty persuading the rest of the network executives. Iger suggested showing it to a more diverse, younger group, who liked it, and the executive subsequently convinced ABC to buy seven episodes at $1.1&nbsp;million apiece.<ref name="fuller" /> Some executives figured that the show would never get on the air or that it might run as a seven-hour mini-series,<ref name="Ferris">{{cite web |last=Ferris |first=Glen |title=20 Years of ''Twin Peaks'': Mark Frost Interview |work=Screenrush |date=February 26, 2010 |url=http://www.screenrush.co.uk/news/films/news-18495321/ |access-date=July 23, 2010 |archive-date=November 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130132831/http://www.screenrush.co.uk/news/films/news-18495321 |url-status=live}}</ref> but Iger planned to schedule it for the spring. The final showdown occurred during a bi-coastal conference call between Iger and a room full of New York executives; Iger won, and ''Twin Peaks'' was on the air.<ref name="chion" />

Each episode took a week to shoot, and after directing the second episode, Lynch went off to complete ''[[Wild at Heart (film)|Wild at Heart]]'', while Frost wrote the remaining segments.<ref name="jerome2" /> [[Standards and Practices]] had an issue with a scene from the first season: an extreme close-up in the pilot of Cooper's hand as he slid tweezers under Laura's fingernail and removed a tiny "R". They wanted the scene to be shorter because it made them uncomfortable, but Frost and Lynch refused, and the scene remained.<ref name="jerome2" />

===Casting===
[[File:Piper Laurie 1990.jpg|alt=|thumb|upright|Veteran film actress [[Piper Laurie]] (pictured here in 1990) helped cement the ''Twin Peaks'' cast.]]
''Twin Peaks'' features members of a loose ensemble of Lynch's favorite character actors, including [[Jack Nance]], [[Kyle MacLachlan]], [[Grace Zabriskie]], and [[Everett McGill]]. [[Isabella Rossellini]], who had worked with Lynch on ''Blue Velvet'', was originally cast as Giovanna Packard, but she dropped out of the production before shooting began on the pilot episode.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eonline.com/ca/news/844979/25-facts-about-twin-peaks-that-might-surprise-you |title=25 Facts About Twin Peaks That Might Surprise You |website=E! News |first=Tierney |last=Bricker |date=April 21, 2017 |access-date=April 1, 2020 |archive-date=August 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809183500/https://www.eonline.com/ca/news/844979/25-facts-about-twin-peaks-that-might-surprise-you |url-status=live}}</ref> The character was then reconceived as [[Josie Packard]], of [[Han Chinese|Chinese]] ethnicity, and the role given to actress [[Joan Chen]].<ref name="secrets from another place">{{cite video |date=October 30, 2007 |title=Twin Peaks&nbsp;– The Definitive Gold Box Edition, "Secrets from Another Place" featurette |medium=DVD |publisher=Paramount Home Video}}</ref> The cast includes several actors who rose to fame in the 1950s and 1960s, including 1950s film stars [[Richard Beymer]], [[Piper Laurie]], and [[Russ Tamblyn]]. Other veteran actors included British actor [[James Booth]] (''[[Zulu (1964 film)|Zulu]]''), former ''[[The Mod Squad]]'' star [[Peggy Lipton]], and [[Michael Ontkean]], who co-starred in the 1970s crime drama ''[[The Rookies]]''. Kyle MacLachlan was cast as Agent [[Dale Cooper]]. Stage actor [[Warren Frost]] was cast as Dr.&nbsp;Will Hayward.

Due to budget constraints, Lynch intended to cast a local girl from [[Seattle]] as Laura Palmer, reportedly "just to play a dead girl".<ref name="rodley" /> The local girl ended up being [[Sheryl Lee]]. Lynch stated: "But no one—not Mark, me, anyone—had any idea that she could act, or that she was going to be so powerful just being dead."<ref name="rodley" /> And then, while Lynch shot the home movie that James takes of Donna and Laura, he realized that Lee had something special. "She did do another scene—the video with Donna on the picnic—and it was that scene that did it."<ref name="rodley" /> As a result, Sheryl Lee became a semi-regular addition to the cast, appearing in [[Flashback (narrative)|flashbacks]] as Laura, and portraying another, recurring character: Maddy Ferguson, Laura's similar-looking cousin.

The character of Phillip Gerard's appearance in the pilot episode was originally intended to be only a "kind of homage to ''[[The Fugitive (1963 TV series)|The Fugitive]]''. The only thing he was gonna do was be in this elevator and walk out", according to David Lynch.<ref name="rodley" /> However, when Lynch wrote the "Fire walk with me" speech, he imagined [[Al Strobel]], who played Gerard, reciting it in the basement of the Twin Peaks hospital—a scene that appeared in the European version of the pilot episode, and surfaced later in Agent Cooper's dream sequence. Gerard's full name, Phillip Michael Gerard, is also a reference to Lieutenant Phillip Gerard, a character in ''The Fugitive''.

Lynch met [[Michael J. Anderson]] in 1987. After seeing him in a short film, Lynch wanted to cast the actor in the title role in ''[[Ronnie Rocket]]'', but that project failed to get made.

Richard Beymer was cast as [[Ben Horne]] because he had known [[Johanna Ray]], Lynch's casting director. Lynch was familiar with Beymer's work in the 1961 film ''[[West Side Story (1961 film)|West Side Story]]'' and was surprised that Beymer was available for the role.<ref>This was also the first project to reunite Beymer and Russ Tamblyn since ''West Side Story'', in which Tamblyn played the character of Riff. "Secrets from Another Place", a featurette in the ''Twin Peaks Definitive Gold Box Edition'' DVD release of October 2007.</ref>

[[Set dresser]] [[Frank Silva]] was cast as the mysterious "Bob". Lynch himself recalls that the idea originated when he overheard Silva moving furniture around in the bedroom set, and then heard a woman warning Silva not to block himself in by moving furniture in front of the door. Lynch was struck with an image of Silva in the room. When he learned that Silva was an actor, he filmed two panning shots, one with Silva at the base of the bed, and one without; he did not yet know how he would use this material.<ref>{{cite book |first=David |last=Lynch |title=Catching the Big Fish: Meditation, Consciousness, and Creativity |url=https://archive.org/details/catchingbigfishm00lync |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Tarcher]] |date=December 28, 2006 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/catchingbigfishm00lync/page/77 77–78] |isbn=9781585425402}}</ref>

Later that day, during the filming of Sarah Palmer having a vision, the camera operator told Lynch that the shot was ruined because "Frank [Silva] was reflected in the mirror." Lynch comments: "Things like this happen and make you start dreaming. And one thing leads to another, and if you let it, a whole other thing opens up."<ref>{{cite book |first=David |last=Lynch |title=Catching the Big Fish: Meditation, Consciousness, and Creativity |url=https://archive.org/details/catchingbigfishm00lync |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Tarcher]] |date=December 28, 2006 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/catchingbigfishm00lync/page/77 77–78] |isbn=9781585425402}}</ref> Lynch used the panning shot of Silva in the bedroom, and the shot featuring Silva's reflection, in the closing scenes of the European version of the pilot episode. Silva's reflection in the mirror can also be glimpsed during the scene of Sarah's vision at the end of the original pilot, but it is less clear. A close-up of Silva in the bedroom later became a significant image in episodes of the TV series.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.totalfilm.com/features/the-29-greatest-twin-peaks-moments/there-s-bob |title=The 29 Greatest Twin Peaks Moments |work=Total Film |first=Nathan |last=Ditum |date=March 22, 2010 |access-date=October 9, 2014 |archive-date=October 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017105622/http://www.totalfilm.com/features/the-29-greatest-twin-peaks-moments/there-s-bob |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Music===
{{Main|Music of Twin Peaks}}
{{Listen|filename=Twin Peaks Theme.ogg|title="Twin Peaks Theme"|format=[[Ogg]]|description=A 30 second sample of [[Angelo Badalamenti]]'s ''Twin Peaks'' theme}}
The score for ''Twin Peaks'' has received acclaim; ''[[The Guardian]]'' wrote that it "still marks the summit of TV soundtracks".<ref name=g/> In fall 1989, composer [[Angelo Badalamenti]] and Lynch created the score for the show. In 20&nbsp;minutes they produced the signature theme for the series. Badalamenti called it the "Love Theme from ''Twin Peaks''". Lynch told him: "You just wrote 75% of the score. It's the mood of the whole piece. It is ''Twin Peaks''."<ref name="givens">{{cite magazine |last=Givens |first=Ron |title=Creative Contrasts: Making Moody Music |url=https://ew.com/article/1990/04/06/music-twin-peaks/ |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=April 6, 1990 |access-date=April 17, 2020 |archive-date=August 31, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831215023/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,317090,00.html |url-status=live}}</ref> 

While creating the score, Lynch often described the moods or emotions he wanted the music to evoke, and Badalamenti began to play the piano. In the scenes dominated by young men, they are accompanied by music that Badalamenti called [[Cool Jazz]]. The characters' masculinity was enhanced by finger-snapping, "cocktail-lounge [[electric piano]], pulsing [[Bass instrument|bass]], and lightly brushed [[percussion]]."<ref name="givens" /> A handful of the motifs were borrowed from [[Julee Cruise]]'s 1989 album ''[[Floating into the Night]]'', which was written in large part by Badalamenti and Lynch and was released in 1989. This album also serves as the soundtrack to another Lynch project, ''[[Industrial Symphony No. 1]]'', a live Cruise performance also featuring Michael J. Anderson.

An instrumental version of the song "[[Falling (Julee Cruise song)|Falling]]" became the theme to the show, and the songs "[[Rockin' Back Inside My Heart]]", "The Nightingale", "The World Spins", and "Into the Night" (found in their full versions on the album) were all, except the last, used as Cruise's roadhouse performances during the show's run. The lyrics for all five songs were written by Lynch.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/r4879 |title=Floating into the Night – Julee Cruise |website=AllMusic |access-date=January 16, 2011 |archive-date=December 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201228024601/https://www.allmusic.com/album/floating-into-the-night-mw0000205932 |url-status=live}}</ref> A second volume of the soundtrack was released on October 30, 2007, to coincide with the Definitive Gold Box DVD set.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001GD3ILI/ |title=Twin Peaks: Season Two Music And More |website=Amazon |access-date=January 16, 2011 |archive-date=March 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319174555/https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001GD3ILI/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2011, Lynch began releasing ''[[The Twin Peaks Archive]]'' – a collection of previously unavailable tracks from the series and the film via his website.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://welcometotwinpeaks.com/music/new-songs-photos-davidlynch-com/ |title=New Twin Peaks Songs & Photos At DavidLynch.com |publisher=WelcomeToTwinPeaks.com |date=April 6, 2011 |access-date=June 10, 2011 |archive-date=March 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325133458/http://welcometotwinpeaks.com/music/new-songs-photos-davidlynch-com/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://davidlynch.com/ |title=David Lynch Music Company |publisher=DavidLynch.com |access-date=June 10, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304011109/http://davidlynch.com/ |archive-date=March 4, 2011}}</ref> As of February 8, 2024, the site is no longer active and it appears there is no way to legally obtain the bundle of all files previously offered for sale.

===Filming locations===
[[File:Snoqualmie Falls in June 2008.JPG|thumb|[[Snoqualmie Falls]], June 2008]]
Agent Cooper states, in the pilot episode, that Twin Peaks is "five miles south of the [[Canada–United States border|Canadian border]], and twelve miles west of the state line." This places it in the [[Salmo-Priest Wilderness]]. Lynch and Frost started their location search in [[Snoqualmie, Washington]], on the recommendation of a friend of Frost. They found all of the locations that they had written into the pilot episode.<ref name="patterson" /> 

The towns of Snoqualmie, [[North Bend, Washington|North Bend]] and [[Fall City, Washington|Fall City]] – which became the primary filming locations for stock ''Twin Peaks'' exterior footage – are about an hour's drive from the town of [[Roslyn, Washington]], the town used for the series ''[[Northern Exposure]]''. Many exterior scenes were filmed in wooded areas of [[Malibu, California]].<ref name="secrets from another place"/> Most of the interior scenes were shot on standing sets in a [[San Fernando Valley]] warehouse.

The soap opera [[Film-within-a-film|show-within-the-show]] ''Invitation to Love'' was not shot on a studio set, but in the [[Ennis House]], an architectural landmark designed by [[Frank Lloyd Wright]] in the [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]] area of [[Los Angeles]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kcet.org/shows/classic_cool_theater/web-extras/a-short-history-of-the-ennis-house-in-geek-culture.html |title=A Short History of the Ennis House in Geek Culture |publisher=KCET |first=Drew |last=Mackie |date=October 29, 2012 |access-date=October 8, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015093358/http://www.kcet.org/shows/classic_cool_theater/web-extras/a-short-history-of-the-ennis-house-in-geek-culture.html |archive-date=October 15, 2014}}</ref>

===Filming===
Mark Frost and David Lynch made use of repeating and sometimes mysterious motifs such as trees, especially fir and pines, [[coffee and doughnuts]], cherry pie, owls, logs, ducks, water, fire — and numerous embedded references to other films and TV shows.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ott |first=Brian L. |title=The Small Screen: How Television Equips Us to Live in the Information Age |publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] |year=2007 |page=68}}</ref>

During the filming of the scene in which Cooper first examines Laura's body, a malfunctioning fluorescent lamp above the table flickered constantly, but Lynch decided not to replace it, since he liked the disconcerting effect that it created.<ref name="secrets from another place"/>

Cooper's dream at the end of the third episode, which became a driving plot point in the series's first season and ultimately held the key to the identity of Laura's murderer, was never scripted. The idea came to Lynch one afternoon after touching the side of a hot car left out in the sun: "I was leaning against a car—the front of me was leaning against this very warm car. My hands were on the roof and the metal was very hot. The [[Black Lodge|Red Room]] scene leapt into my mind. 'Little Mike' was there, and he was speaking backwards... For the rest of the night I thought only about the Red Room."<ref name="rodley" /> 

The footage was originally shot along with the pilot, to be used as the conclusion were it to be released as a feature film. When the series was picked up, Lynch decided to incorporate some of the footage; in the fourth episode, Cooper, narrating the dream, outlines the shot footage which Lynch did not incorporate, such as Mike shooting Bob and the fact that he is 25 years older when he meets Laura Palmer's spirit.{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}