Editing Tutsi (section)

===1994 genocide against the Tutsi===
{{Main|Rwandan genocide}}
[[File:Rwandan Patriotic Front Flag.svg|thumb|right|Flag of the Tutsi-led [[Rwandan Patriotic Front]]]]
A similar pattern of events took place in Rwanda, but there the Hutu came to power in 1962. They in turn often oppressed the Tutsi, who fled the country. After the [[Rwandan Revolution|anti-Tutsi violence]] around 1959–1961, Tutsi fled in large numbers.

These exile Tutsi communities gave rise to Tutsi rebel movements. The [[Rwandan Patriotic Front]], mostly made up of exiled Tutsi living primarily in Uganda, attacked Rwanda in 1990 with the intention of taking back the power. The RPF had experience in organized irregular warfare from the [[Ugandan Bush War]], and got much support from the government of Uganda. The initial RPF advance was halted by the lift of French arms to the Rwandan government. Attempts at peace culminated in the [[Arusha Accords (Rwanda)|Arusha Accords]].

The agreement broke down after the [[Assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira|assassination of the Rwandan and Burundian presidents]], triggering a resumption of hostilities and the start of the [[Rwandan genocide|Rwandan Genocide]] of 1994, in which the Hutu then in power killed an estimated 500,000–600,000 people, largely of Tutsi origin.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Guichaoua |first1=André |title=Counting the Rwandan Victims of War and Genocide: Concluding Reflections |journal=Journal of Genocide Research |date=2020 |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=125–141 |doi=10.1080/14623528.2019.1703329|s2cid=213471539 }} 500,000–800,000 is the range of scholarly estimates listed on the third page of the paper.</ref><ref name=Meierhenrich>{{cite journal |last1=Meierhenrich |first1=Jens |author-link=Jens Meierhenrich |title=How Many Victims Were There in the Rwandan Genocide? A Statistical Debate |journal=Journal of Genocide Research |date=2020 |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=72–82 |doi=10.1080/14623528.2019.1709611|s2cid=213046710 |quote=Despite the various methodological disagreements among them, none of the scholars who participated in this forum gives credence to the official figure of 1,074,107 victims... Given the rigour of the various quantitative methodologies involved, this forum's overarching finding that the death toll of 1994 is nowhere near the one-million-mark is – scientifically speaking – incontrovertible.}}</ref><ref name=Reydams>{{cite journal |last1=Reydams |first1=Luc|author-link=Luc Reydams |title='More than a million': the politics of accounting for the dead of the Rwandan genocide |journal=Review of African Political Economy |date=2020 |volume=48|issue=168|pages=235–256 |doi=10.1080/03056244.2020.1796320|s2cid=225356374|quote=The government eventually settled on 'more than a million', a claim which few outside Rwanda have taken seriously.<p>The death of 'more than a million' Tutsi became the foundation of the new Rwanda, where former exiles hold a monopoly on power. It also created the socio-political environment for the mass criminalisation of Hutu. Gacaca courts eventually tried more than a million (Nyseth Brehm, Uggen, and Gasanabo 2016), which led President Kagame to suggest that all Hutu bear responsibility and should apologise (Benda 2017, 13). Thus the new Rwanda is built not only on the death of 'more than a million" Tutsi but also on the collective guilt of Hutu. This state of affairs is in no one's interests except the regime's.</p>|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Ben |date=2024-02-25 |title=More than half a million people killed in 100 days: how the 1994 Rwanda genocide unfolded |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2024/feb/26/more-than-half-a-million-people-killed-in-100-days-how-the-1994-rwanda-genocide-unfolded-ntwnfb |access-date=2025-05-14 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda |url=https://cla.umn.edu/chgs/holocaust-genocide-education/resource-guides/rwanda |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=College of Liberal Arts |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rieff |first=David |date=2007-06-04 |title=God and Man in Rwanda |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/magazine/1994/12/rwanda199412 |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=Vanity Fair |language=en-US}}</ref> Victorious in the aftermath of the genocide, the Tutsi-ruled [[Rwandan Patriotic Front|RPF]] came to power in July 1994.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}