Editing Tsunami (section)

===Landslides===
The [[Tauredunum event]] was a large tsunami on [[Lake Geneva]] in 563 CE, caused by sedimentary deposits destabilised by a landslide.

{{Anchor|Tsunami generated by landslides}}
In the 1950s, it was discovered that tsunamis larger than had previously been believed possible can be caused by giant [[submarine landslides]].  These large volumes of rapidly displaced water transfer energy at a faster rate than the water can absorb. Their existence was confirmed in 1958, when a giant landslide in [[1958 Lituya Bay, Alaska earthquake and megatsunami|Lituya Bay]], Alaska, caused the highest wave ever recorded, which had a height of {{convert|524|m|ft|0}}.<ref name="drgeorgepc.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.drgeorgepc.com/Tsunami1958LituyaB.html|title=The Mega-Tsunami of July 9, 1958 in Lituya Bay, Alaska|author=George Pararas-Carayannis|date=1999|access-date=2014-02-27}}</ref> The wave did not travel far as it struck land almost immediately. The wave struck three boats—each with two people aboard—anchored in the bay. One boat rode out the wave, but the wave sank the other two, killing both people aboard one of them.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://alaskashipwreck.com/shipwrecks-a-z/alaska-shipwrecks-b/|title=alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (B)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://alaskashipwreck.com/shipwrecks-a-z/alaska-shipwrecks-s/|title=alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (S)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.alaska.edu/60-years-ago-1958-earthquake-and-lituya-bay-megatsunami|title=Dickson, Ian, "60 Years Ago: The 1958 Earthquake and Lituya Bay Megatsunami," University of Alaska Fairbanks Alaska Earthquake Center, July 13, 2018 Retrieved December 2, 2018.}}</ref>

Another landslide-tsunami event occurred in 1963 when a massive landslide from [[Monte Toc]] entered the reservoir behind the [[Vajont Dam]] in Italy. The resulting wave surged over the {{convert|262|m|ft|0|adj=on}}-high dam by {{convert|250|m|ft|0}} and destroyed several towns. Around 2,000 people died.<ref name=petley-blog-vajont>{{cite web|author=Petley, Dave (Professor)|url=http://www.landslideblog.org/2008/12/vaiont-vajont-landslide-of-1963.html|title=The Vaiont (Vajont) landslide of 1963|publisher=The Landslide Blog|date=2008-12-11|access-date=2014-02-26|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206033431/http://www.landslideblog.org/2008/12/vaiont-vajont-landslide-of-1963.html|archive-date=2013-12-06}}</ref><ref name=bbc-50th-anniv>{{cite web|last=Duff|first=Mark|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24464867|title=Italy Vajont anniversary: Night of the 'tsunami'|publisher=BBC News|date=2013-10-10|access-date=2014-02-27}}</ref> Scientists named these waves [[megatsunami]]s.

Some geologists claim that large landslides from volcanic islands, e.g. [[Cumbre Vieja]] on [[La Palma]] ([[Cumbre Vieja tsunami hazard]]) in the [[Canary Islands]], may be able to generate megatsunamis that can cross oceans, but this is disputed by many others.
<!-- comment out pending translation
<gallery>
File:Tsunami4.JPG|Most tsunamis are caused by [[submarine earthquake]]s that dislocate the oceanic crust, pushing water upwards.
File:Tsunami3.JPG|Tsunami can be generated by erupting submarine volcanos ejecting magma into the ocean.
File:Tsunami5.JPG|A gas bubble erupting in a deep part of the ocean can also trigger a tsunami.
</gallery> -->

In general, landslides generate displacements mainly in the shallower parts of the coastline, and there is conjecture about the nature of large landslides that enter the water.  This has been shown to subsequently affect water in enclosed bays and lakes, but a landslide large enough to cause a transoceanic tsunami has not occurred within recorded history. Susceptible locations are believed to be the [[Hawaii (island)|Big Island]] of [[Hawaii]], [[Fogo, Cape Verde|Fogo]] in the [[Cape Verde Islands]], [[Réunion|La Reunion]] in the [[Indian Ocean]], and [[Cumbre Vieja]] on the island of [[La Palma]] in the [[Canary Islands]]; along with other volcanic ocean islands. This is because large masses of relatively unconsolidated volcanic material occurs on the flanks and in some cases detachment planes are believed to be developing. However, there is growing controversy about how dangerous these slopes actually are.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Science of Tsunami Hazards|volume=20|number=5|pages=251–277|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3963563.stm|access-date=7 September 2014|title=Evaluation of the threat of mega tsunami generation from postulated massive slope failures of the island volcanoes on La Palma, Canary Islands, and on the island of Hawaii|first=George|last=Pararas-Carayannis|date=2002}}</ref>