Editing Transport in India (section)

=== Bus ===
[[File:BEST-limited-bus.jpg|alt=|thumb|Mumbai's B.E.S.T. is India's oldest operating transport body]]
Buses are an important means of public transport in India. Due to this social significance, urban bus transport is often owned and operated by public agencies, and most state governments operate bus services through a state road transport corporation.<ref name="IIT">{{Cite web |first=C. |last=Gopalakrishnan |title=Pricing of urban public bus transport in India : a study based on select undertakings |url=http://www.library.iitb.ac.in/~mnj/gsdl/cgi-bin/library?e=d-00000-00---0PHD--00-1--0-10-0---0---0prompt-10---4-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-help---00-3-1-00-0011-1-0utfZz-8-10&cl=CL2&d=HASH012216c37d526395151af609&x=1 |access-date=1 June 2009 |website=Official webpage of the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> These corporations have proven extremely useful in connecting villages and towns across the country.<ref name="Singh">{{Cite journal |first=Sanjay K. |last=Singh |date=2005 |title=Review of Urban Transportation in India |url=http://www.nctr.usf.edu/jpt/pdf/JPT%208-1%20Singh.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Journal of Public Transportation |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=79–97 |doi=10.5038/2375-0901.8.1.5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615101216/http://www.nctr.usf.edu/jpt/pdf/JPT%208-1%20Singh.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2010 |access-date=23 June 2009}}</ref> Alongside the public companies there are many private bus fleets: As of 2020, there were about 150,000 publicly owned buses in India, and around 2,190,000 buses owned by private companies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FOUNDATION |first=OBSERVER RESEARCH |title=Private bus operators: Drivers of India’s E-bus adoption |url=https://www.orfonline.org/english/expert-speak/private-bus-operators-drivers-of-india-s-e-bus-adoption |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=orfonline.org |language=en}}</ref>

However, the share of buses is negligible in most Indian cities as compared to personalised vehicles, and two-wheelers and cars account for more than 80 percent of the vehicle population in most large cities.<ref name="Singh" />

==== Bus rapid transit systems ====
{{Main|Bus rapid transit in India}}
[[File:Ahmedabad BRTS.jpg|alt=|thumb|Ahmedabad BRTS]]
[[File:Raipur-Naya Raipur BRTS.png|thumb|[[Raipur and Naya Raipur Bus Rapid Transit System]]]]
[[File:Kerala State Road Transport Volvo 8400 operating Route 610.jpg|alt=|thumb|A KSRTC Volvo low-floor bus. Such buses were procured by STUs across the country under the JNNURM scheme.]]

[[Bus rapid transit]] systems (BRTS), exist in several cities.<ref name="BRTSasses">{{Cite web |url=http://www.unep.org/transport/lowcarbon/StakeHolders_2011_NewDehli/Oct%2020/Session%20V/BRT%20Projects%20in%20Indian%20Cities%20as%20Inclusive%20Transport%20Systems_Darshini_Joshi.pdf |title=BRT projects in Indian cities as inclusive transport systems? |website=[[CEPT University]] |access-date=28 November 2015 |archive-date=8 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208074428/http://www.unep.org/transport/lowcarbon/StakeHolders_2011_NewDehli/Oct%2020/Session%20V/BRT%20Projects%20in%20Indian%20Cities%20as%20Inclusive%20Transport%20Systems_Darshini_Joshi.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Buses take up over 90% of public transport in Indian cities,<ref name="urbantransportcrisis">{{Cite web |url=http://policy.rutgers.edu/faculty/pucher/FINALarticleTransportPolicy.pdf |title=Urban transport crisis in India |first1=John |last1=Pucher |first2=Nisha |last2=Korattyswaropam |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314205253/http://www.policy.rutgers.edu/faculty/pucher/FINALarticleTransportPolicy.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007 |first3=Neha |last3=Mittal |first4=Neenu |last4=Ittyerah}}</ref> and serve as an important [[mode of transport]]. Services are mostly run by state government owned transport corporations.<ref name="Singh" /> In 1990s, all government state transport corporations have introduced various facilities like [[low-floor bus]]es for the disabled and air-conditioned buses to attract private car owners to help decongest roads.<ref name="bestlowacbus">{{Cite web |url=http://bestundertaking.com/trans_land.asp |title=Landmarks in Transport |publisher=[[Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090329223824/http://www.bestundertaking.com/trans_land.asp |archive-date=29 March 2009 |access-date=18 April 2009 |df=dmy}}</ref><ref name="bmtcinfoatpresent">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bmtcinfo.com/english/atpresent.htm |title=BMTC The Present |publisher=[[Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517075730/http://www.bmtcinfo.com/english/atpresent.htm |archive-date=17 May 2008 |access-date=18 April 2009}}</ref>

In 2010, the [[Ahmedabad Bus Rapid Transit System]] won the prestigious [[Sustainable Transport Award]] from the Transportation Research Board in Washington.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20100906-ahmedabad-brts-corridor-a-rare-success-story-743917-2010-08-28 |title=Ahmedabad BRTS Corridor: A Rare Success Story |date=28 August 2010 |website=India Today |language=en-US |access-date=2018-02-25 |archive-date=25 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225205638/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20100906-ahmedabad-brts-corridor-a-rare-success-story-743917-2010-08-28 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Rainbow Bus Rapid Transit System|Rainbow BRTS]] in Pune is the first BRTS system in the country. Mumbai introduced air conditioned buses in 1998.<ref name="timelineBEST">{{Cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-a-timeline-of-best-buses-in-mumbai-1854866 |title=A timeline of BEST buses in Mumbai |date=29 June 2013 |work=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |access-date=11 March 2015 |location=Mumbai |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402111419/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-a-timeline-of-best-buses-in-mumbai-1854866 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bangalore was the first city in India to introduce [[Volvo B7RLE]] intra-city buses in India in January 2005.<ref name="volvooper">{{Cite web |url=http://www.volvo.com/bus/india/en-in/news_and_events/press+releases/NewsItemPage.htm?channelId=1700&ItemID=1387&sl=en-gb |title=Volvo's first city buses in India operating |date=25 January 2006 |publisher=[[Volvo Buses]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090809174716/http://www.volvo.com/bus/india/en-in/news_and_events/press%2Breleases/NewsItemPage.htm?channelId=1700&ItemID=1387&sl=en-gb |archive-date=9 August 2009 |access-date=23 June 2009}}</ref><ref name="volvoforay">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blnus/02091502.htm |title=Volvo to foray into city bus segment in India |date=9 August 2005 |access-date=23 June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060525183807/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blnus/02091502.htm |archive-date=25 May 2006 |publisher=[[The Hindu]] Businessline}}</ref><ref name="lwfloortohit">{{Cite news |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Volvo-intra-city-buses-to-hit-B%27lore-roads-on-Jan-17/152460/ |title=Volvo intra-city buses to hit B'lore roads on Jan 17 |date=11 January 2005 |access-date=23 June 2009 |publisher=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |archive-date=15 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615051707/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Volvo-intra-city-buses-to-hit-B%27lore-roads-on-Jan-17/152460 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bangalore was the first Indian city to have an [[air conditioning|air-conditioned]] bus stop, located near [[Cubbon Park]]. It was built by [[Bharti Airtel|Airtel]].<ref name="hudsonacbusstop">{{Cite web |url=http://www.efytimes.com/efytimes/30756/news.htm |title=India Gets First AC Bus Stop! |date=15 December 2008 |publisher=EfyTimes |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090502165034/http://www.efytimes.com/efytimes/30756/news.htm |archive-date=2 May 2009 |access-date=5 April 2009}}</ref> The city of [[Chennai]] houses one of Asia's largest [[bus terminus]], the [[Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus]].<ref name="thehindu20051228">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/28/stories/2005122816740400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060705012703/http://www.hindu.com/2005/12/28/stories/2005122816740400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 July 2006 |title=Koyambedu bus terminus gets ISO certification |first=S. |last=Dorairaj |date=28 December 2005 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=25 April 2009 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>