Editing Titchwell Marsh (section)

==Threats==
The soft rocks of the North Norfolk coast have been attacked by the sea for centuries;<ref name=EA>{{cite web|title=Long term planning: North Norfolk coast |work=Adaptation planning |url=http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/research/planning/108980.aspx |publisher=Environment Agency |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216153828/http://environment-agency.gov.uk/research/planning/108980.aspx |archive-date=2012-12-16 }} Retrieved 11 November 2011.</ref> at Titchwell Marsh, the beach and sand dunes protecting the northern edge of the reserve have been eroded, and [[climate change]] has increased the likelihood of damage to the freshwater areas of the reserve. The predicted increasingly stormy weather could damage the dune system and expose the soft earth banks to wave damage, or the sea could just over-top the defences, as it did in the 1953 floods. Either way, the [[Conservation (ethic)|conservation]] value of the reserve would be adversely affected, especially through the potential loss of the bitterns. Rather than reinforce the outer bank, it was decided to undertake a managed realignment.<ref name=EU>{{cite web | title= Titchwell Marsh (UK) | work= Climateproof areas | url= http://www.newsletter.climateproofareas.com/reports/end%20products/CPA-WP2%20brochure%20Titchwell_web.pdf | publisher= Interreg IVB North Sea Region Programme | access-date= 2011-11-11 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120425155240/http://www.newsletter.climateproofareas.com/reports/end%20products/CPA-WP2%20brochure%20Titchwell_web.pdf | archive-date= 2012-04-25 | url-status= dead }}Retrieved 11 November 2011.</ref> Between 2010 and 2011, the banks on the east and west of the reserve were reinforced, and the sea wall to the north of the fresh marsh was rebuilt on the line of the old Parrinder bank.<ref name = rspbclimate>{{cite web| title= Coastal Change Project | work= Titchwell Marsh | url=http://www.rspb.org.uk/reserves/guide/t/titchwellmarsh/coastalchange/index.aspx | publisher= RSPB}} Retrieved 11 November 2011.</ref> The old Parrinder Hide was replaced by a pair of modern hides, retaining the original name. Designed by HaysomWardMiller, these hides won an award from [[RIBA]] for their architectural style.<ref name=riba>{{cite web | title= East winners 2011 | work= Winners 2011 | url= http://www.architecture.com/Awards/RIBAAwards/Winners2011/East/Eastwinners2011.aspx | publisher= Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) | url-status= dead | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111107152532/http://www.architecture.com/Awards/RIBAAwards/Winners2011/East/Eastwinners2011.aspx | archive-date= 2011-11-07 }} Retrieved 11 November 2011.</ref> The former [[brackish water|brackish]] marsh north of the new wall has been modified by creating a breach in the east bank. This will allow tidal flooding and the eventual establishment of saltmarsh on what is now named Volunteer Marsh. The new saltmarsh will protect the rebuilt Parrinder wall, slowing erosion.<ref name = rspbclimate/> Nevertheless, it is estimated that by 2060 the beach may have advanced halfway across the new tidal area.<ref name= climateinfoerspb >''Titchwell Marsh Climate Change Project''. RSPB information sheet.</ref> Other improvements were made to the reed beds and islands in the freshwater lagoon, and a new [[sluice]] was installed. New reedbeds were created east of Fen Hide, which can be accessed by trails opened in 2012.<ref name =rspbclimate/> The first part of the trail is open all year, but the "autumn trail", running up from the woodland in the southeastern corner of the reserve, is accessible only from August to October.<ref name = rspbmap2015/>