Editing Tiger (section)

== Distribution and habitat ==
[[File:Tigress Anna Savelevna 01.jpg|thumb|Camera trap of a [[Siberian tiger]] in Russia|alt=Picture of tiger in forest at night]]
The tiger historically ranged from eastern Turkey, northern Iran and Afghanistan to Central Asia and from northern Pakistan through the [[Indian subcontinent]] and Indochina to southeastern Siberia, Sumatra, Java and Bali.<ref name=Mazak1981/> As of 2022, it inhabits less than 7% of its historical distribution and has a scattered range in the Indian subcontinent, the [[Indochinese Peninsula]], Sumatra, northeastern China and the [[Russian Far East]].<ref name=iucn/> As of 2020, India had the largest extent of global tiger habitat with {{cvt|300508|km2}}, followed by Russia with {{cvt|195819|km2}}.<ref name=Sanderson_al2023>{{cite journal |author1=Sanderson, E. W. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Miquelle, D. G. |author3=Fisher, K. |author4=Harihar, A. |author5=Clark, C. |author6=Moy, J. |author7=Potapov, P. |author8=Robinson, N. |author9=Royte, L. |author10=Sampson, D. |author11=Sanderlin, J. |author12=Yackulic, C. B. |author13=Belecky, M. |author14= Breitenmoser, U. |author15=Breitenmoser-Würsten, C. |author16=Chanchani, P. |author17=Chapman, S. |author18=Deomurari, A. |author19=Duangchantrasiri, S. |author20=Facchini, E. |author21=Gray, T. N. E. |author22=Goodrich, J. |author23=Hunter, L. |author24=Linkie, M. |author25=Marthy, W. |author26=Rasphone, A. |author27=Roy, S. |author28=Sittibal, D. |author29=Tempa, T. |author30=Umponjan, M. |author31=Wood, K. |year=2023 |title=Range-wide trends in tiger conservation landscapes, 2001–2020 |journal=Frontiers in Conservation Science |volume=4 |page=1191280 |doi=10.3389/fcosc.2023.1191280 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2023FrCS....491280S }}</ref>

The tiger mainly lives in forest habitats and is highly adaptable.<ref name=Sunquist2010>Sunquist, M. (2010). "What is a Tiger? Ecology and Behaviour" in {{harvnb|Tilson|Nyhus|2010|pp=19−34}}</ref> Records in Central Asia indicate that it primarily inhabited [[Tugay]] riverine forests and hilly and lowland forests in the [[Caucasus]].{{sfn|Sludskii|1992|pp=108–112}} In the [[Amur River|Amur]]-[[Ussuri River|Ussuri]] region of Russia and China, it inhabits [[Korean pine]] and [[temperate broadleaf and mixed forest]]s; [[riparian forest]]s serve as [[Biological dispersal|dispersal]] corridors, providing food and water for both tigers and [[ungulate]]s.<ref name=Miquelle_al1999>Miquelle, D. G.; Smirnov, E. N.; Merrill, T. W.; Myslenkov, A. E.; Quigley, H.; Hornocker, M. G. & Schleyer, B. (1999). "Hierarchical spatial analysis of Amur tiger relationships to habitat and prey" in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999|pp=71–99}}</ref> On the Indian subcontinent, it inhabits mainly [[tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests]], [[temperate broadleaf and mixed forests]], [[Tropical evergreen forests of India|tropical moist evergreen forest]]s, [[tropical dry forest]]s, [[alluvial plain]]s and the [[mangrove forest]]s of the [[Sundarbans]].<ref name=Wikramanayake_al1999>Wikramanayake, E. D.; Dinerstein, E.; Robinson, J. G.; Karanth, K. U.; Rabinowitz, A.; Olson, D.; Mathew, T.; Hedao, P.; Connor, M.; Hemley, G. & Bolze, D. (1999). "Where can tigers live in the future? A framework for identifying high-priority areas for the conservation of tigers in the wild" in {{harvnb|Seidensticker|Christie|Jackson|1999|pp=265–267}}</ref> In the [[Eastern Himalaya]]s, it was documented in [[temperate forest]] up to an elevation of {{cvt|4200|m}} in Bhutan, of {{cvt|3630|m}} in the [[Mishmi Hills]] and of {{cvt|3139|m}} in [[Mêdog County]], southeastern Tibet.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jigme, K. |author2=Tharchen, L. |name-list-style=amp |year=2012 |title=Camera-trap records of tigers at high altitudes in Bhutan |journal=Cat News |issue=56 |pages=14–15}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Adhikarimayum, A. S. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Gopi, G. V. |year=2018 |title=First photographic record of tiger presence at higher elevations of the Mishmi Hills in the Eastern Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot, Arunachal Pradesh, India |journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa |volume=10 |issue=13 |pages=12833–12836 |doi=10.11609/jott.4381.10.13.12833-12836 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Li, X. Y. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Hu, W. Q. |author3=Wang, H. J. |author4=Jiang, X. L. |year=2023 |title=Tiger reappearance in Medog highlights the conservation values of the region for this apex predator |journal=Zoological Research |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=747–749 |doi=10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.178 |doi-access=free |pmid=37464931|pmc=10415778}}</ref> In Thailand, it lives in [[deciduous]] and [[evergreen]] forests.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Simcharoen, S. |author2=Pattanavibool, A. |author3=Karanth, K. U. |author4=Nichols, J. D. |author5=Kumar, N. S. |name-list-style=amp |year=2007 |title=How many tigers ''Panthera tigris'' are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling |journal=Oryx |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=447–453 |doi=10.1017/S0030605307414107|doi-access=free|bibcode=2007Oryx...41..447S }}</ref> In Sumatra, it inhabits lowland [[peat swamp forest]]s and rugged [[montane forest]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Wibisono, H. T. |author2=Linkie, M. |author3=Guillera-Arroita, G. |author4=Smith, J. A. |author5=Sunarto |author6=Pusarini, W. |author7=Asriadi |author8=Baroto, P. |author9=Brickle, N. |author10=Dinata, Y. |author11=Gemita, E. |author12=Gunaryadi, D. |author13=Haidir, I. A. |author14=Herwansyah |year=2011 |title=Population status of a cryptic top predator: An island-wide assessment of Tigers in Sumatran rainforests |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=6 |issue=11 |page=e25931 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0025931 |pmid=22087218 |pmc=3206793 |bibcode=2011PLoSO...625931W |doi-access=free |name-list-style=amp}}</ref>

=== Population density ===
[[Camera trap]]ping during 2010–2015 in the deciduous and subtropical pine forest of [[Jim Corbett National Park]], northern India revealed a stable tiger [[population density]] of 12–17 individuals per {{cvt|100|km2}} in an area of {{cvt|521|km2}}.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Bisht, S. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Banerjee, S. |author3=Qureshi, Q. |author4=Jhala, Y. |year=2019 |title=Demography of a high-density tiger population and its implications for tiger recovery |journal=Journal of Applied Ecology |volume= 56 |issue=7 |pages=1725–1740 |doi=10.1111/1365-2664.13410 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019JApEc..56.1725B}}</ref>
In northern Myanmar, the population density in a sampled area of roughly {{cvt|3250|km2}} in a mosaic of tropical broadleaf forest and grassland was estimated to be 0.21–0.44 tigers per {{cvt|100|km2}} as of 2009.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Lynam, A. J. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Rabinowitz, A. |author3=Myint, T. |author4=Maung, M. |author5=Latt, K. T. |author6=Po, S. H. T. |year=2009 |title=Estimating abundance with sparse data: tigers in northern Myanmar |journal=Population Ecology |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=115–121 |doi=10.1007/s10144-008-0093-5 |bibcode=2009PopEc..51..115L}}</ref>
Population density in mixed deciduous and semi-evergreen forests of Thailand's [[Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary]] was estimated at 2.01 tigers per {{cvt|100|km2}}; during the 1970s and 1980s, [[logging]] and poaching had occurred in the adjacent [[Mae Wong National Park|Mae Wong]] and [[Khlong Lan National Park]]s, where population density was much lower, estimated at only 0.359 tigers per {{cvt|100|km2}} as of 2016.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Phumanee, W. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Steinmetz, R. |author3=Phoonjampa, R. |author4=Weingdow, S. |author5=Phokamanee, S. |author6=Bhumpakphan, N. |author7=Savini, T. |year=2021 |title=Tiger density, movements, and immigration outside of a tiger source site in Thailand |journal=Conservation Science and Practice |volume=3 |issue=12 |page=e560 |doi=10.1111/csp2.560 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021ConSP...3E.560P}}</ref>
Population density in [[Dipterocarpaceae|dipterocarp]] and montane forests in northern Malaysia was estimated at 1.47–2.43 adult tigers per {{cvt|100|km2}} in [[Royal Belum State Park]], but 0.3–0.92 adult tigers per {{cvt|100|km2}} in the unprotected [[selective logging|selectively logged]] Temengor Forest Reserve.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Rayan, D. M. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Linkie, M. |year=2015 |title=Conserving tigers in Malaysia: A science-driven approach for eliciting conservation policy change |journal=Biological Conservation |volume=184 |pages=18–26 |doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2014.12.024 |bibcode=2015BCons.184...18R}}</ref>