Editing Tibetan Buddhism (section)

===Qing rule (18th–20th centuries)===
[[File:Dongcheng, Beijing, China - panoramio (82).jpg|right|thumb|[[Yonghe Temple]], a temple of the Gelug tradition in [[Beijing]] established in the Qing Dynasty.]]
The [[Qing dynasty]] (1644–1912) established a Chinese rule over Tibet after a [[Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)|Qing expeditionary force]] defeated the [[Dzungar people|Dzungars]] (who controlled Tibet) in 1720, and lasted until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912.<ref>{{cite book |title=Emblems of Empire: Selections from the Mactaggart Art Collection |first1=John E. |last1=Vollmer |first2=Jacqueline |last2=Simcox |page=154}}</ref> The [[Manchu people|Manchu]] rulers of the Qing dynasty supported Tibetan Buddhism, especially the [[Gelug]] sect, during most of their rule.<ref name="Huntington_et_al">{{cite book |title=The Circle of Bliss: Buddhist Meditational Art |first1=John C. |last1=Huntington |first2=Dina |last2=Bangdel |first3=Robert A. F. |last3=Thurman |page=48}}</ref> The reign of the [[Qianlong Emperor]] (respected as the [[Emperor Manjushri]]) was the high mark for this promotion of Tibetan Buddhism in China, with the visit of the [[Lobsang Palden Yeshe, 6th Panchen Lama|6th Panchen Lama]] to Beijing, and the building of temples in the Tibetan style, such as [[Xumi Fushou Temple]], the [[Puning Temple (Hebei)|Puning Temple]] and [[Putuo Zongcheng Temple]] (modeled after the potala palace).<ref>{{cite book |last=Weidner |first=Marsha Smith |title=Cultural Intersections in Later Chinese Buddhism |pages=173}}{{full citation needed|date=March 2024}}</ref>

This period also saw the rise of the [[Rimé movement]], a 19th-century nonsectarian movement involving the [[Sakya (Tibetan Buddhist school)|Sakya]], [[Kagyu]] and [[Nyingma]] schools of Tibetan Buddhism, along with some [[Bon]] scholars.<ref name="Lopez, Donald S. 1998 p. 190">{{cite book |last=Lopez |first=Donald S. |year=1998 |title=Prisoners of Shangri-La: Tibetan Buddhism and the West |place=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |page=190}}</ref> Having seen how the [[Gelug]] institutions pushed the other traditions into the corners of Tibet's cultural life, scholars such as [[Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo]] (1820–1892) and [[Jamgon Kongtrul|Jamgön Kongtrül]] (1813–1899) compiled together the teachings of the [[Sakya (Tibetan Buddhist school)|Sakya]], [[Kagyu]] and [[Nyingma]], including many near-extinct teachings.{{sfnp|Van Schaik|2011|pp=165-169}} Without Khyentse and Kongtrul's collecting and printing of rare works, the suppression of Buddhism by the Communists would have been much more final.{{sfnp|Van Schaik|2011|p=169}} The Rimé movement is responsible for a number of scriptural compilations, such as the ''[[Nyingma#Rinchen Terdzod|Rinchen Terdzod]]'' and the ''[[Sheja Dzö]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Buswell |first1=R.E. |title=The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism |last2=Lopez |first2=D.S. |last3=Ahn |first3=J. |collaboration=et al. |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2014 |isbn=9780691157863 |pages=379, 714-715, 802 |language=en}}</ref>

During the Qing, Tibetan Buddhism also remained the major religion of the [[Mongolia under Qing rule|Mongols under Qing rule]] (1635–1912), as well as the state religion of the [[Kalmyk Khanate]] (1630–1771), the [[Dzungar Khanate]] (1634–1758) and the [[Khoshut Khanate]] (1642–1717).{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}