Editing Tiberias (section)

===Early Muslim period===
Tiberias, or Tabariyyah in Arab transcription, was "conquered by (the Arab commander) [[Shurahbil ibn Hasana|Shurahbil]] in the year 634/15 [CE/AH] by capitulation; one half of the houses and churches were to belong to the Muslims, the other half to the Christians."<ref>Le Strange, 1890, p. [https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/340/mode/1up 340], quoting [[Yaqut al-Hamawi|Yakut]]</ref> Since 636 CE, Tiberias served as the regional capital, until [[Beit She'an]] took its place, following the [[Rashidun Caliphate|Rashidun]] conquest.{{clarify|reason=Nonsensical, unless Beth She'an was captured a few years after Tiberias. Rashidun conquest = Muslin conquest, and in Palestine it started in the 630s, ending un 641.|date=September 2021}} The Caliphate allowed 70 Jewish families from Tiberias to form the core of a renewed Jewish presence in Jerusalem and the importance of Tiberias to Jewish life declined.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} The caliphs of the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] Dynasty built one of its square-plan palaces on the waterfront to the north of Tiberias, at [[Khirbat al-Minya]]. Tiberias was revitalised in 749, after Bet Shean was destroyed in an earthquake.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} An imposing mosque, {{convert|90|m|ft|abbr=off}} long by {{convert|78|m|ft|abbr=off}} wide, resembling the [[Umayyad Mosque|Great Mosque]] of [[Damascus]], was raised at the foot of [[Mount Berenice]] next to a Byzantine church, to the south of the city, as the eighth century ushered in Tiberias's golden age, when the multicultural city may have been the most tolerant of the Middle East.<ref name="Hasson2">Nir Hasson, [http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/in-excavation-of-ancient-mosque-volunteers-dig-up-israeli-city-s-golden-age.premium-1.458874 'In excavation of ancient mosque, volunteers dig up Israeli city's Golden Age,'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817051950/http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/in-excavation-of-ancient-mosque-volunteers-dig-up-israeli-city-s-golden-age.premium-1.458874 |date=2012-08-17}} at ''Haaretz'', 17 August 2012.</ref> Jewish scholarship flourished from the beginning of the 8th century to the end of the 10th, when the oral traditions of [[Biblical Hebrew|ancient Hebrew]], still in use today, were codified. One of the leading members of the Tiberian [[Masoretes|Masoretic community]] was [[Aaron ben Moses ben Asher]], who refined the oral tradition now known as [[Tiberian Hebrew]]. Both the [[Codex Cairensis]] and the [[Aleppo Codex]] were written in Tiberias as well as the [[Tiberian vocalization]] was devised here.
[[File:Tiberias-2-073.jpg|thumb|Remains of Roman theatre]]
[[File:Hamat-Tiberias-119.jpg|thumb|[[Hamat Tiberias|Hammat Tiberias]] synagogue floor]]

The Arab geographer [[al-Muqaddasi]] writing in 985, describes Tiberias as a hedonistic city afflicted by heat: "For two months they dance; for two months they gobble; for two months they swat; for two months they go about naked; for two months they play the reed flute; and for two months they wallow in the mud."<ref name="Hasson2" /> As "the capital of Jordan Province, and a city in the Valley of Canaan. ... The town is narrow, hot in summer and unhealthy...There are here eight natural hot baths, where no fuel need be used, and numberless basins besides of boiling water. The [[mosque]] is large and fine, and stands in the market-place. Its floor is laid in pebbles, set on stone drums, placed close one to another." According to Muqaddasi, those who suffered from scab or ulcers, and other such diseases came to Tiberias to bathe in the hot springs for three days. "Afterwards they dip in another spring which is cold, whereupon ... they become cured."<ref>Muk. p.161 and 185, quoted in Le Strange, 1890, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/334/mode/1up 334]- [https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/337/mode/1up 337]</ref>

Tiberias was plagued by incursions by the radical [[Shi'ite]] [[Qarmatians]] at the beginning of the tenth century. During that period, the Academy of Eretz Israel left Tiberias for Jerusalem. Later in the same century, the region came under the control by the [[Fatimid Caliphate]].<ref name=":1" /> By this time, Tiberias had experienced its last period of prosperity; dried fruit, oil, and wine had been exported to [[Cairo]] via the [[Via Maris]], and the city was also known for its mat industry.<ref name=":1" />

In 1033 Tiberias was again [[1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake|destroyed by an earthquake]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} A further earthquake in 1066 toppled the great mosque.<ref name="Hasson2" /> [[Nasir Khusraw|Nasir-i Khusrou]] visited Tiberias in 1047, and describes a city with a "strong wall" which begins at the border of the lake and goes all around the town except on the water-side. Furthermore, he describes
: <blockquote>numberless buildings erected in the very water, for the bed of the lake in this part is rock; and they have built pleasure houses that are supported on columns of [[marble]], rising up out of the water. The lake is very full of fish. [] The Friday Mosque is in the midst of the town. At the gate of the mosque is a spring, over which they have built a hot bath. [] On the western side of the town is a mosque known as the Jasmine Mosque (Masjid-i-Yasmin). It is a fine building and in the middle part rises a great platform (dukkan), where they have their [[mihrab]]s (or prayer-niches). All round those they have set [[jasmine]]-shrubs, from which the mosque derives its name.<ref>Le Strange, 1890, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/336/mode/1up 336]-7</ref></blockquote>