Editing Thai script (section)

===Tone===
====Central Thai====
Central Thai is a [[Thai language#Tones|tonal language]], and the script gives full information on the [[Tone (linguistics)|tones]]. Tones are realised in the vowels, but indicated in the script by a combination of the class of the initial consonant (high, mid or low), [[vowel length]] (long or short), closing consonant ([[plosive]] or [[sonorant]], called ''dead'' or ''live'') and, if present, one of four tone marks, whose names derive from the names of the digits [[Thai numerals#Alternate numbers|1–4 borrowed from Pali or Sanskrit]]. The rules for denoting tones are shown in the following chart:

[[File:Thai tone rules.png|thumb|Tone type top to bottom: high, rising, mid, falling, low. Initial consonant class left to right: low (blue), middle (green), high (red). Syllable type: live (empty circle), dead (full circle), dead short (narrow ellipse), dead long (wide ellipse).]]

{|class="wikitable"
|-valign="top"
!rowspan="2" | Symbol
!colspan="2" | Name
!colspan="4" "style="background: #ffc"|Syllable composition and initial consonant class
|-
!align="left" | Thai || [[Royal Thai General System of Transcription|RTGS]] || Vowel and final
!style="background: #ccf"| Low
!style="background: #cfc"| Mid
!style="background: #fcc"| High
|-
|| ||(ไม่มี)||(none)|| live<br>{{small|long vowel or vowel plus sonorant}}
|style="background: #ccf"|middle
|style="background: #cfc"|middle
|style="background: #fcc"|rising
|-
|| ||(ไม่มี)||(none)|| dead short<br>{{small|short vowel at end or plus plosive}}
|style="background: #ccf"|high
|style="background: #cfc"|low
|style="background: #fcc"|low
|-
|| ||(ไม่มี)||(none)|| dead long<br>{{small|long vowel plus plosive}}
|style="background: #ccf"|falling
|style="background: #cfc"|low
|style="background: #fcc"|low
|-
|| &nbsp;<big><big>่</big></big> ||ไม้เอก||''mai ek''||any <!-- the &nbsp; is necessary for visibility under Opera -->
|style="background: #ccf"|falling
|style="background: #cfc"|low
|style="background: #fcc"|low
|-
|| &nbsp;<big><big>้</big></big>||ไม้โท||''mai tho''||any
|style="background: #ccf"|high
|style="background: #cfc"|falling
|style="background: #fcc"|falling
|-
|| &nbsp;<big><big>๊</big></big>||ไม้ตรี||''mai tri''||any
|style="background: #ccf"|-
|style="background: #cfc"|high
|style="background: #fcc"|-
|-
|| &nbsp;<big><big>๋</big></big>||ไม้จัตวา ||''mai chattawa''||any
|style="background: #ccf"|-
|style="background: #cfc"|rising
|style="background: #fcc"|-
|}

[[File:Thai tones.svg|thumb|250px|Thai language tone chart]]
[[File:Thai-tones-flowchart.svg|thumb|Flowchart for determining the tone of a Thai syllable. Click to enlarge]]

"None", that is, no tone marker, is used with the base accent (พื้นเสียง, {{Transliteration|th|phuen siang}}). ''Mai tri'' and ''mai chattawa'' are only used with mid-class consonants.

Two consonant characters (not diacritics) are used to modify the tone:
*'''ห นำ ''ho nam'', leading ho'''. A silent, high-class ห "leads" low-class nasal stops (ง, ญ, น and ม) and non-plosives (ว, ย, ร and ล), which have no corresponding high-class phonetic match, into the tone properties of a high-class consonant. In polysyllabic words, an initial mid- or high-class consonant with an implicit vowel similarly "leads" these same low-class consonants into the higher class tone rules, with the tone marker borne by the low-class consonant.
*'''อ นำ ''o nam'', leading o'''. In four words only, a silent, mid-class อ "leads" low-class ย into mid-class tone rules: อย่า (''ya'', don't) อยาก (''yak'', desire) อย่าง (''yang'', kind, sort, type) อยู่ (''yu'', stay). All four have long-vowel, low-tone ''siang ek''; อยาก, a dead syllable, needs no tone marker, but the three live syllables all take ''mai ek''.

{|class="wikitable"
|-valign="top"
! Low consonant !! High consonant || IPA
|-
| style="background: #ccf"| ง || style="background: #fcc"| หง || /ŋ/
|-
| style="background: #ccf"| ญ || style="background: #fcc"| หญ || /j/
|-
| style="background: #ccf"| น || style="background: #fcc"| หน || /n/
|-
| style="background: #ccf"| ม || style="background: #fcc"| หม || /m/
|-
| style="background: #ccf"| ย || style="background: #fcc"| หย || /j/
|-
| style="background: #ccf"| ร || style="background: #fcc"| หร || /r/
|-
| style="background: #ccf"| ล || style="background: #fcc"| หล || /l/
|-
| style="background: #ccf"| ว || style="background: #fcc"| หว || /w/
|-
! Low consonant !! Middle consonant !! IPA
|-
| style="background: #ccf"| ย || style="background: #cfc"| อย || /j/
|}

In some dialects there are words which are spelled with one tone but pronounced with another and often occur in informal conversation (notably the pronouns ฉัน ''chan'' and เขา ''khao'', which are both pronounced with a high tone rather than the rising tone indicated by the script). Generally, when such words are recited or read in public, they are pronounced as spelled.

====Southern Thai====
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2019}}
Although the Southern Thai writing form also gives full information on the tones as does Central Thai, the language itself is [[pitch-accent language]], spoken form can have up to seven tones.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rose |first=Phil |date=24 January 2022 |title=A Seven-Tone Dialect in Southern Thai with Super-High |url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf4/rose1997seven.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402013033/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf4/rose1997seven.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2022 |access-date=13 March 2023 |website=Sealang}}</ref> When Southern Thai is written in Thai script, there are different rules for indicating spoken tone. 
{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"
! Tones
! colspan="3" | [[Nakhon Si Thammarat Province|Nakhon Si Thammarat]] accent rules
! IPA
|-
| rowspan="2" | First tone
| colspan="3" | <small>An initial consonant class "high" with long sound, and an initial consonant class "low" after the word.</small>
| {{IPA|[˦˥˧]}}
|-
| colspan="3" | <small>An initial consonant class "high" with short sound, and an initial consonant class "low"<br>with [k̚], [t̚], [p̚] finals after the word.</small>
| {{IPA|[˨˦]}}
|-
| Second tone
| colspan="3" | <small>An initial consonant class "high" both short long sound,<br>and an initial consonant class "low" after the word.</small>
| {{IPA|[˦]}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | Third tone
| colspan="3" | <small>An initial consonant class "middle" long sound.</small>
| {{IPA|[˧˦˧]}}
|-
| colspan="3" | <small>An initial consonant class "middle" short sound with [k̚], [t̚], [p̚] finals.</small>
| {{IPA|[˧˦]}}
|-
| Fourth tone
| colspan="3" | <small>An initial consonant class "middle" both short long sound.</small>
| {{IPA|[˧]}}
|-
| Fifth tone
| colspan="3" | <small>An initial consonant class "low" with head word.</small>
| {{IPA|[˨˧˨]}}
|-
| Sixth tone
| colspan="3" | <small>An initial consonant class "low" long sound.</small>
| {{IPA|[˨˦]}}
|-
| Seventh tone
| colspan="3" | <small>An initial consonant class "low" short sound.</small>
| {{IPA|[˨˩]}}
|-
|}