Editing Texas Instruments (section)

===Defense electronics===
[[File:Convair 240-1 N240HH Texas Inst Chino 05.10.90R edited-3.jpg|thumb|right|TI operated this [[Convair 240]] on experimental work in the 1980s fitted with a modified extended nose section.]]

TI entered the [[defense (military)|defense]] electronics market in 1942 with submarine detection equipment,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history.html#1940s |title=About TI – History – TI.com |access-date=July 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710173533/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history.html#1940s |archive-date=July 10, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> based on the seismic exploration technology previously developed for the oil industry. The division responsible for these products was known at different times as the Laboratory & Manufacturing Division, the Apparatus Division, the Equipment Group, and the Defense Systems & Electronics Group (DSEG).

During the early 1980s, TI instituted a quality program which included [[Joseph M. Juran|Juran]] training, as well as promoting [[statistical process control]], [[Taguchi methods]], and [[Design for Six Sigma]]. In the late 1980s, the company, along with [[Eastman Kodak]] and [[Allied Signal]], began involvement with [[Motorola]], institutionalizing Motorola's [[Six Sigma]] methodology.<ref>{{cite journal |url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-32080915.html |title= Implementing Six Sigma at GE |year= 1998 |last1= Hendricks |first1= C.A. |last2= Kelbaugh |first2= R |journal= The Journal of Quality and Participation |volume= 21 |issue= 4 |pages= 48–53 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140714221856/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-32080915.html |archive-date= July 14, 2014 |df= mdy-all |access-date= July 2, 2014 }}</ref> Motorola, which originally developed the Six Sigma methodology, began this work in 1982. In 1992, the DSEG division<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/key/1990/docs/1992baldridgeaward.htm |title=Texas Instruments – 1992 Macolm Baldrige Award |access-date=July 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703014427/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/key/1990/docs/1992baldridgeaward.htm |archive-date=July 3, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> of Texas Instruments' quality-improvement efforts were rewarded by winning the [[Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award]] for manufacturing.

====Infrared and radar systems====

TI developed the AAA-4 [[infrared search and track]] device in the late 1950s and early 1960s for the [[F-4B Phantom]]{{sfn|Sweetman|Bonds|1987|p=526}} for passive scanning of jet-engine emissions, but it possessed limited capabilities and was eliminated on F-4Ds and later models.{{sfn|Sweetman|Bonds|1987|p=552}}

In 1956, TI began research on [[infrared]] technology that led to several line scanner contracts and with the addition of a second scan mirror the invention of the first [[forward looking infrared]] (FLIR) in 1963 with production beginning in 1966. In 1972, TI invented the common module FLIR<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/defense/1970/docs/72-common-module.htm |title=Texas Instruments – 1972 Common module FLIR developed |access-date=July 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100311022517/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/defense/1970/docs/72-common-module.htm |archive-date=March 11, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> concept, greatly reducing cost and allowing reuse of common components.

TI went on to produce side-looking radar systems, the first [[terrain following radar|terrain-following radar]] and surveillance radar systems for both the military and FAA. TI demonstrated the first solid-state radar called Molecular Electronics for Radar Applications.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/defense/1960/docs/66-mera.htm |title=Texas Instruments – 1966 MERA program begins |access-date=July 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100311022236/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/defense/1960/docs/66-mera.htm |archive-date=March 11, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1976, TI developed a [[microwave landing system]] prototype. In 1984, TI developed the first [[inverse synthetic aperture radar]]. The first single-chip [[gallium arsenide]] radar module was developed. In 1991, the military microwave integrated circuit<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/defense/1990/docs/91-raytheon_microwave.htm |title=Texas Instruments – 1991 TI/Raytheon MIMIC program begins |access-date=July 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100311022430/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/company/history/timeline/defense/1990/docs/91-raytheon_microwave.htm |archive-date=March 11, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> program was initiated—a joint effort with Raytheon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MIMIC Program |url=https://www.microwaves101.com/encyclopedias/mimic-program}}</ref>

====Missiles and laser-guided bombs====

In 1961, TI won the guidance and control system contract for the defense suppression [[AGM-45 Shrike]] [[antiradiation missile]]. This led later to the prime on the [[AGM-88 HARM|high-speed antiradiation missile]] (AGM-88 HARM) development contract in 1974 and production in 1981.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raytheon AGM-88 HARM |url=https://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-88.html |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=www.designation-systems.net}}</ref>

In 1964, TI began development of the first laser guidance system for [[precision-guided munition]]s, leading to the [[Paveway]] series of [[laser-guided bomb]]s (LGBs). The first LGB was the [[BOLT-117]].<ref name="usaf-bolt117">{{cite web |title=Texas Instruments BOLT-117 Laser Guided Bomb |url=https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/196016/texas-instruments-bolt-117-laser-guided-bomb/ |website=National Museum of the United States Air Force |publisher=United States Air Force |access-date=4 January 2024}}</ref>

In 1969, TI won the Harpoon (missile) Seeker contract. In 1986, TI won the Army [[FGM-148 Javelin]] [[fire-and-forget]] man portable antitank guided missile in a joint venture with [[Martin Marietta]]. In 1991, TI was awarded the contract for the [[AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raytheon AGM-154 JSOW |url=http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/m-154.html |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=www.designation-systems.net}}</ref>

In 1988, TI paid the U.S. government $5.2 million "to settle allegations one of its divisions overcharged the government on contracts for guided missiles sold to the [[United States Navy|Navy]]".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Texas Instruments Pays U.S. $5.2 Million for Overcharges |url=https://www.justice.gov/archive/opa/pr/Pre_96/August94/447.txt.html |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=www.justice.gov}}</ref>

====Military computers====
{{See also|Military computers}}

Because of TI's research and development of military temperature-range silicon transistors and integrated circuits (ICs), TI won contracts for the first IC-based computer for the U.S. Air Force in 1961 (molecular electronic computer)<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102646283|title=Molecular Electronic Computer brochure {{!}} 102646283 {{!}} Computer History Museum|year=1961 |publisher=Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) |language=en|access-date=2018-03-13|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314042854/http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102646283|archive-date=March 14, 2018|df=mdy-all}}</ref> and for ICs for the [[Minuteman Missile]] the following year. In 1968, TI developed the data systems for [[Mariner Program]]. In 1991 TI won the F-22 Radar and Computer development contract.

====Divestiture to Raytheon====

As the defense industry consolidated, TI sold its defense business to the [[Raytheon Company]] in 1997 for $2.95 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Texas Instruments agrees to sell defense operations for $2.95 billion |url=https://apnews.com/article/8098c805f936cc048495b50b9f31f68a |access-date=2022-05-04 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref> [[United States Department of Justice|The Department of Justice]] required that Raytheon divest the TI [[Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit]] (MMIC) operations after closing the transaction.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1997_July_2/ai_19556280 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710173652/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1997_July_2/ai_19556280 |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 10, 2012 |title=Raytheon announces Justice Department approval of Texas Instruments acquisition |date=July 2, 1997 |work=Business Wire }}</ref> The TI MMIC business accounted for less than $40 million in 1996 revenues, or roughly 2% of the $1.8 billion in total TI defense revenues, and was sold to [[TriQuint Semiconductor]], Inc. Raytheon retained its own existing [[MMIC]] capabilities and has the right to license TI's MMIC technology for use in future product applications from TriQuint.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1998_Jan_9/ai_20124279 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707231044/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1998_Jan_9/ai_20124279 |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 7, 2012 |title=Raytheon Company Announces Sale of MMIC Operations Acquired from Texas Instruments |date=January 9, 1998 |work=Business Wire }}</ref>

Shortly after Raytheon acquired TI DSEG, Raytheon then acquired [[Hughes Aircraft]] from [[General Motors]]. Raytheon then owned TI's [[mercury cadmium telluride]] detector business and [[infrared]] (IR) systems group. In California, it also had Hughes infrared detector and an IR systems business. When again the US government forced Raytheon to divest itself of a duplicate capability, the company kept the TI IR systems business and the Hughes detector business. As a result of these acquisitions, these former arch rivals of TI systems and Hughes detectors work together.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why the IR detectormarket is in flux|date=October 28, 2008|url=https://www.laserfocusworld.com/display_article/43028/12/none/none/Dept/Why-the-IR-detectormarket-is-in-flux|access-date=2022-09-23|website=www.laserfocusworld.com|archive-date=September 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916072203/https://www.laserfocusworld.com/display_article/43028/12/none/none/Dept/Why-the-IR-detectormarket-is-in-flux|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Immediately after acquisition, DSEG was known as Raytheon TI Systems (RTIS).<ref>[http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/redirect/raytheon.htm Raytheon TI Systems{{snd}} important information] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109194345/http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/redirect/raytheon.htm |date=November 9, 2006 }}. Ti.com. Retrieved on April 19, 2012.</ref> It is now fully integrated into Raytheon and this designation no longer exists.