Editing Tennessee (section)

===Mid-20th century to present===
After the U.S. Supreme Court ruled racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional in ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'' in 1954, [[Oak Ridge High School (Tennessee)|Oak Ridge High School]] in 1955 became the first school in Tennessee to be [[School integration in the United States|integrated]].{{sfn|Lamon|1980|pp=100–101}} The next year, nearby [[Clinton High School (Clinton, Tennessee)|Clinton High School]] was integrated, and [[Tennessee National Guard]] troops were sent in after pro-segregationists threatened violence.{{sfn|Lamon|1980|pp=100–101}} Between February and May 1960, a [[Nashville sit-ins|series of sit-ins]] at segregated lunch counters in Nashville organized by the [[Nashville Student Movement]] resulted in the desegregation of facilities in the city.{{sfn|Lamon|1980|pp=106–108}} On April 4, 1968, [[James Earl Ray]] [[Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.|assassinated]] civil rights leader [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] in Memphis.<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 24, 2017|title=Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.|url=https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/assassination-martin-luther-king-jr|access-date=July 15, 2020|website=The Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute}}</ref> King had traveled there to support [[Memphis sanitation strike|striking African American sanitation workers]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://swampland.time.com/2013/04/04/time-looks-back-martin-luther-kings-assassination/|title=Time Looks Back: The Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.|author=Time Magazine Staff|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=April 4, 2013|access-date=October 19, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.post-gazette.com/opinion/tony-norman/2008/04/04/The-last-sermon-Memphis-April-3-1968/stories/200804040201|title=The last sermon, Memphis, April 3, 1968|work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]|date=April 4, 2008|first=Tony|last=Norman |access-date=October 19, 2016}}</ref>

[[File:Sunsphere 02.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Photograph of the 1982 World's Fair in Knoxville, showing the Sunsphere|The [[1982 World's Fair]] in Knoxville]]
The 1962 [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]] case ''[[Baker v. Carr]]'' arose from a challenge to the longstanding rural bias of apportionment of seats in the Tennessee legislature and established the principle of "[[one man, one vote]]".<ref>{{cite book |title=A Justice for All: William J. Brennan, Jr., and the Decisions that Transformed America |url=https://archive.org/details/justiceforallwil00eisl |url-access=registration |last=Eisler |first=Kim Isaac |year=1993 |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |isbn=978-0-671-76787-7 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |chapter=Baker v. Carr |title=The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States |last=Peltason |first=Jack W. |editor=Hall, Kermit L. |year=1992 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-19-505835-2 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00hall/page/67 67–70] |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00hall/page/67|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> The construction of [[Interstate 40 in Tennessee|Interstate 40]] through Memphis became a national talking point on the issue of [[Eminent domain in the United States|eminent domain]] and [[grassroots lobbying]] when the [[Tennessee Department of Transportation]] (TDOT) attempted to construct the highway through the city's [[Overton Park]]. A [[Citizens to Preserve Overton Park|local activist group]] spent many years contesting the project, and in 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court sided with the group and established the framework for [[Judicial review in the United States|judicial review]] of government agencies in the [[List of landmark court decisions in the United States|landmark case]] of ''[[Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe]]''.<ref name="interstate100">{{cite web |title=100 Years: Tennessee's Interstate System |url=https://www.tn.gov/tdot/100years-home/100years-interstate.html |website=[[Tennessee Department of Transportation]] |access-date=May 25, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Carey |first1=Bill |title=Overton Park's Citizens and Their Successful Battle Against the Highway |journal=Tennessee Magazine |date=May 1, 2018 |url=https://www.tnmagazine.org/overton-parks-citizens-successful-battle-highway/ |access-date=July 15, 2021}}</ref> TVA's construction of the [[Tellico Dam]] in Loudon County became the subject of national controversy in the 1970s when the endangered [[snail darter]] fish was reported to be affected by the project. After lawsuits by environmental groups, the debate was decided by the U.S. Supreme Court case ''[[Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill]]'' in 1978, leading to amendments of the [[Endangered Species Act of 1973|Endangered Species Act]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill|url=https://www.justice.gov/enrd/tennessee-valley-authority-v-hill|access-date=May 18, 2021|website=[[United States Department of Justice]]|date=April 13, 2015|archive-date=May 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519030038/https://www.justice.gov/enrd/tennessee-valley-authority-v-hill|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Ocoee River 1996 Olympics.jpg|thumb|alt=Whitewater slalom contestants on the Ocoee River during the 1996 Olympics|The [[Ocoee River]] was home to the [[1996 Summer Olympics]] whitewater slalom events, the only Olympic sporting event ever held in the state.]]
The [[1982 World's Fair]] was held in Knoxville.<ref>{{cite news|last=Trieu|first=Cat|date=November 16, 2017|title=Remembering the 1982 World's Fair|url=https://www.utdailybeacon.com/arts_and_culture/lifestyle/remembering-the-1982-world-s-fair/article_7f68471c-ca7e-11e7-b14f-17dc38318998.html|work=The Daily Beacon|publisher=University of Tennessee|location=Knoxville, TN|access-date=April 25, 2021}}</ref> Also known as the Knoxville International Energy Exposition, the fair's theme was "Energy Turns the World". The exposition was one of the most successful, and the most recent world's fair to be held in the U.S.<ref>{{cite news|last=McCrary|first=Amy|date=May 28, 2016|title=The world came to Knoxville in May 1982|url=https://www.knoxnews.com/story/life/2016/05/28/the-world-came-to-knoxville-in-may-1982/90993100/|work=Knoxville News Sentinel|access-date=April 24, 2021}}</ref> In 1986, Tennessee held a yearlong celebration of the state's heritage and culture called "Homecoming '86".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hurst |first1=Jack |title=Tennessee Homecoming '86 |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1986-06-22-8602140771-story.html |access-date=June 3, 2021 |work=Chicago Tribune |date=June 22, 1986}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hillinger |first1=Charles |title=Sweet Lips and Rest of Tennessee Blow a Kiss |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-03-23-vw-5928-story.html |access-date=June 3, 2021 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=March 23, 1986}}</ref> Tennessee celebrated its bicentennial in 1996 with a yearlong celebration called "Tennessee 200". A new state park that traces the state's history, [[Bicentennial Mall State Park|Bicentennial Mall]], was opened at the foot of Capitol Hill in Nashville.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Daughtrey |first1=Larry |title=200 and counting ... |url=https://tennessean.newspapers.com/clip/76852761/200-and-counting/ |access-date=May 1, 2021 |work=The Tennessean |date=June 2, 1996 |location=Nashville |page=1A, [https://tennessean.newspapers.com/clip/76852841/celebrating-200-years-of-statehood/ 9A]|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> The same year, the [[canoe slalom|whitewater slalom]] events at the Atlanta [[1996 Summer Olympics|Summer Olympic Games]] were held on the [[Ocoee River]] in [[Polk County, Tennessee|Polk County]].<ref name="fontenay">{{cite web |last=Fontenay |first=Blake |title=Shooting the Rapids: How a Small East Tennessee Community Struck Olympic Gold |url=https://sos.tn.gov/tsla/tri-star-chronicles-shooting-rapids |website=[[Tennessee State Library]] |access-date=June 4, 2021 |date=April 22, 2016 |archive-date=June 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604183107/https://sos.tn.gov/tsla/tri-star-chronicles-shooting-rapids |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2002, Tennessee amended its constitution to establish a [[Lotteries in the United States|lottery]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cass |first1=Michael |title=Lottery proposal easily wins approval |url=https://tennessean.newspapers.com/clip/79906102/lottery-proposal-easily-wins-approval/ |access-date=June 20, 2021 |work=The Tennessean |date=November 6, 2002 |location=Nashville |pages=1A, [https://tennessean.newspapers.com/clip/79906119/lottery-some-worried-legal-jargon/ 2A] |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> In 2006, the state constitution [[Tennessee Marriage Protection Amendment|was amended]] to outlaw [[same-sex marriage]]. This amendment was invalidated by the 2015 U.S. Supreme Court case ''[[Obergefell v. Hodges]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Moreau |first=Julie |title=States across U.S. still cling to outdated gay marriage bans |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/states-across-u-s-still-cling-outdated-gay-marriage-bans-n1137936 |access-date=May 2, 2021 |work=NBC News |date=February 18, 2020}}</ref> On December 23, 2008, the [[Kingston Fossil Plant coal fly ash slurry spill|largest industrial waste spill in United States history]] occurred at TVA's [[Kingston Fossil Plant]] when more than 1.1 billion gallons of [[fly ash|coal ash]] slurry was accidentally released into the [[Emory River|Emory]] and [[Clinch River]]s.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.mensjournal.com/features/coal-disaster-killing-scores-rural-americans/ |title=A Lawyer, 40 Dead Americans, and a Billion Gallons of Coal Sludge |last=Sullivan |first=J.R .|date=September 2019 |work=Men's Journal |access-date=November 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102150952/https://www.mensjournal.com/features/coal-disaster-killing-scores-rural-americans/ |archive-date=November 2, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Bourne |first=Joel K. |date=February 19, 2019 |title=Coal's other dark side: Toxic ash that can poison water, destroy life and toxify people |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/02/coal-other-dark-side-toxic-ash |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219140212/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/02/coal-other-dark-side-toxic-ash/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 19, 2019 |work=National Geographic |access-date=May 22, 2020}}</ref> The cleanup cost more than $1 billion and lasted until 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last=Flessner |first=Dave |date=May 29, 2015 |title=TVA to auction 62 parcels in Kingston after ash spill cleanup completed |url=https://www.timesfreepress.com/news/business/aroundregion/story/2015/may/29/tvaucti62-parcels-kingstafter-ash-spill-clean/306796/ |work=Chattanooga Times Free Press |location=Chattanooga, TN |access-date=June 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616180927/https://www.timesfreepress.com/news/business/aroundregion/story/2015/may/29/tvaucti62-parcels-kingstafter-ash-spill-clean/306796/ |archive-date=June 16, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>