Editing Telegraphy (section)

=== Teleprinter ===

{{main article|Teleprinter}}
[[File:Clavier Baudot.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.9|A Baudot keyboard, 1884]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-2008-0516-500, Fernschreibmaschine mit Telefonanschluss.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.3|A Creed Model 7 teleprinter, 1931]]

A teleprinter is a telegraph machine that can send messages from a typewriter-like keyboard and print incoming messages in readable text with no need for the operators to be trained in the telegraph code used on the line. It developed from various earlier printing telegraphs and resulted in improved transmission speeds.<ref name="query.nytimes.com">{{Citation| title = Typewriter May Soon Be Transmitter of Telegrams| newspaper = [[The New York Times]] | date = 25 January 1914| url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/01/25/100081424.pdf}}</ref> The [[Morse telegraph]] (1837) was originally conceived as a system marking indentations on paper tape. A chemical telegraph making blue marks improved the speed of recording ([[Alexander Bain (inventor)|Bain]], 1846), but was delayed by a patent challenge from Morse. The first true printing telegraph (that is printing in plain text) used a spinning wheel of [[Sort (typesetting)|types]] in the manner of a [[Daisy wheel printing|daisy wheel printer]] ([[Royal Earl House|House]], 1846, improved by [[David Edward Hughes|Hughes]], 1855). The system was adopted by [[Western Union]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://people.clarkson.edu/~ekatz/scientists/hughes.html|title=David Edward Hughes|date=14 April 2007|publisher=Clarkson University|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422072443/http://people.clarkson.edu/~ekatz/scientists/hughes.html|archive-date=22 April 2008}}</ref>

Early teleprinters used the [[Baudot code]], a five-bit sequential binary code. This was a telegraph code developed for use on the French telegraph using a five-key keyboard ([[Émile Baudot|Baudot]], 1874). Teleprinters generated the same code from a full alphanumeric keyboard. A feature of the Baudot code, and subsequent telegraph codes, was that, unlike Morse code, every character has a code of the same length making it more machine friendly.<ref name=Beauchamp>{{cite book |last = Beauchamp |first = K.G. |title = History of Telegraphy: Its Technology and Application |publisher = [[Institution of Engineering and Technology|IET]] |year = 2001 |pages = 394–395 |isbn = 978-0-85296-792-8}}</ref> The Baudot code was used on the earliest [[ticker tape]] machines ([[Edward A. Calahan|Calahan]], 1867), a system for mass distributing information on current price of publicly listed companies.<ref name=Smith433>Richard E. Smith, ''Elementary Information Security'', p. 433, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2015 {{ISBN|1284055949}}.</ref>
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