Editing Tagalog language (section)

==Dialects==
[[File:Katagalugan_dialects.png|thumb|250px|Distribution of Tagalog dialects in the Philippines. The color-schemes represent the four dialect zones of the language: Northern, Central, Southern and [[Marinduque]]. While the majority of residents in [[Camarines Norte]] and [[Camarines Sur]] traditionally speak [[Bikol languages|Bikol]] as their first language, these provinces nonetheless have significant Tagalog minorities. In addition, Tagalog is used as a [[second language]] throughout the country.

{{legend|pink|2=Northern Tagalog dialects: Bataan (Bataan & Zambales) and Bulacan (Bulacan & Nueva Ecija)}}
{{legend|#CF657C|2=Central Tagalog dialects: Manila/[[Filipino language|Standard Tagalog or Filipino]] (Metro Manila), and Tanay-Paete (Rizal & Laguna).}}
{{legend|crimson|2=Southern Tagalog dialects: Batangas (Batangas, Cavite, & Oriental Mindoro), Lubang (Occidental Mindoro), Tayabas (Quezon), and Aurora.}}{{citation needed|date=March 2025}}
{{legend|maroon|2=Marinduque dialects (Marinduque). Source: [https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/taga1270]}}]]

At present, no comprehensive [[dialectology]] has been done in the Tagalog-speaking regions, though there have been descriptions in the form of dictionaries and grammars of various Tagalog dialects. [[Ethnologue]] lists Manila, Lubang, [[Marinduque]], Bataan (Western Central Luzon), [[Batangas Tagalog|Batangas]], Bulacan (Eastern Central Luzon), Tanay-Paete (Rizal-Laguna), and [[wiktionary:Tayabas Tagalog|''Tayabas'']] (Quezon)<ref name="Manuel 1971"/> as dialects of Tagalog; however, there appear to be four main dialects, of which the aforementioned are a part: Northern (exemplified by the [[Bulacan]] dialect), Central (including Manila), Southern (exemplified by Batangas), and Marinduque.

Some example of dialectal differences are:
* Many Tagalog dialects, particularly those in the south, preserve the glottal stop found after consonants and before vowels. This has been lost in Standard Tagalog, probably influenced by Spanish, where the glottal stop doesn't exist. For example, standard Tagalog ''ngayón'' (now, today), ''[[Sinigang|sinigáng]]'' (broth stew), ''gabí'' (night), ''matamís'' (sweet), are pronounced and written ''ngay-on'', ''sinig-ang'', ''gab-i'', and ''matam-is'' in other dialects.
* In [[Teresa, Rizal|Teresian]]-[[Morong, Rizal|Morong]] Tagalog, {{IPA|[ɾ]}} alternates with {{IPA|[d]}}. For example, ''bundók'' (mountain), ''dagat'' (sea), ''dingdíng'' (wall), ''isdâ'' (fish), and ''litid'' (joints) become ''bunrók'', ''ragat'', ''ringríng'', ''isrâ'', and ''litir'', e.g. "sandók sa dingdíng" ("ladle on a wall" or "ladle on the wall", depending on the sentence) becoming "sanrók sa ringríng". However, exceptions are recent loanwords, and if the next consonant after a {{IPA|[d]}} is an {{IPA|[ɾ]}} (''durog'') or an {{IPA|[l]}} (''dilà'').
* In many [[Batangas Tagalog|southern dialects]], the progressive aspect infix of ''-um-'' verbs is ''na-''. For example, standard Tagalog ''kumakain'' (eating) is ''nákáin'' in Aurora, Quezon, and Batangas Tagalog. This is the butt of some jokes by other Tagalog speakers, for should a Southern Tagalog ask ''nákáin ka ba ng patíng?'' ("Do you eat shark?"), he would be understood as saying "Has a shark eaten you?" by speakers of the Manila Dialect.
* Some dialects have interjections which are considered a regional trademark. For example, the interjection ''ala e!'' usually identifies someone from Batangas as does ''hane?!'' in Rizal and Quezon provinces and ''akkaw'' in Aurora.

Perhaps the most divergent Tagalog dialects are those spoken in Marinduque.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Soberano |first=Ros |title=The Dialects of Marinduque Tagalog |date=1980 |publisher=The Australian National University |series=Pacific Linguistics, Series B, No. 69 |location=Canberra |doi=10.15144/PL-B69 |hdl=1885/144521 |isbn=9780858832169 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Linguist Rosa Soberano identifies two dialects, western and eastern, with the former being closer to the Tagalog dialects spoken in the provinces of Batangas and Quezon.

One example is the verb conjugation paradigms. While some of the affixes are different, Marinduque also preserves the imperative affixes, also found in Visayan and Bikol languages, that have mostly disappeared from most Tagalog early 20th century; they have since merged with the infinitive.

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" | [[Filipino language|Manileño Tagalog]]
! scope="col" | Marinduqueño Tagalog
! scope="col" | English
|-
! scope="row" | Susulat siná María at Esperanza kay Juan.
| Másúlat da María at Esperanza kay Juan.
| "María and Esperanza will write to Juan."
|-
! scope="row" | Mag-aaral siya sa Maynilà.
| Gaaral siya sa Maynilà.
| "[He/She] will study in Manila."
|-
! scope="row" | Maglutò ka na.
| Paglutò.
| "Cook now."
|-
! scope="row" | Kainin mo iyán.
| Kaina yaan.
| "Eat it."
|-
! scope="row" | Tinatawag tayo ni Tatay.
| Inatawag nganì kitá ni Tatay.
| "Father is calling us."
|-
! scope="row" | Tútulungan ba kayó ni Hilario?
| Atulungan ga kamo ni Hilario?
| "Is Hilario going to help you?"
|}

The Manila Dialect is the basis for the national language.

Outside of Luzon, a variety of Tagalog called Soccsksargen Tagalog (Sox-Tagalog, also called Kabacan Tagalog) is spoken in [[Soccsksargen]], a southwestern region in [[Mindanao]], as well as Cotabato City. This "hybrid" Tagalog dialect is a blend of Tagalog (including its dialects) with other languages where they are widely spoken and varyingly heard such as [[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]] (a regional lingua franca), [[Ilocano language|Ilocano]], [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]] as well as [[Maguindanao language|Maguindanaon]] and other indigenous languages native to region, as a result of migration from [[Panay]], [[Negros]], [[Cebu]], [[Bohol]], [[Siquijor]], [[Ilocandia]], [[Cagayan Valley]], [[Cordillera Administrative Region]], Central Luzon, Calabarzon, Mindoro and Marinduque since the turn of 20th century, therefore making the region a melting pot of cultures and languages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-03 |title=On Writing in Hybrid Language: An Interview with Gerald Galindez |url=https://www.yadukaru.com/2020/08/on-writing-in-hybrid-language-interview.html |access-date=2024-10-28 |language=en}}</ref><ref>Pagsusuri sa Varayti at Varyasyon ng Sox-Tagalog: Isang Komparatibong Pag-aaral.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Leceña |first=Hanna A. |date=2023 |title=Mga Tula sa Filipino-SOX na Zines: Túngo sa Pagpapakilala ng Multilingguwal at Multikultural na Komunidad sa Timog Mindanao |journal=Philippine High School for the Arts, Makiling los Baños |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cordial |first=J. |date=2024-07-09 |title=The Morphology of Sox-Tagalog |url=https://medium.com/@jeremiahcordial/the-morphology-of-sox-tagalog-a8288aa4a02d |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref>