Editing Sugar substitute (section)

=== Steviol glycosides (stevia) ===
{{Main|Stevia}}

Stevia is a natural non-caloric sweetener derived from the ''[[Stevia rebaudiana]]'' plant, and is manufactured as a sweetener.<ref name="goyal">{{cite journal | vauthors = Goyal SK, Goyal RK | title = Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) a bio-sweetener: a review | journal = International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition | volume = 61 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–10 | date = February 2010 | pmid = 19961353 | doi = 10.3109/09637480903193049 | s2cid = 24564964 }}</ref> It is indigenous to [[South America]], and has historically been used in Japanese food products, although it is now common internationally.<ref name=goyal/> In 1987, the FDA issued a ban on stevia because it had not been approved as a food additive, although it continued to be available as a [[dietary supplement]].<ref>[http://archive.columbiatribune.com/2008/mar/20080323puls010.asp Sweet on Stevia: Sugar Substitute Gains Fans] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708180323/http://archive.columbiatribune.com/2008/mar/20080323puls010.asp |date=8 July 2011 }}, ''Columbia Daily Tribune'', 23 March 2008</ref> After being provided with sufficient scientific data demonstrating safety of using stevia as a manufactured sweetener, from companies such as [[Cargill]] and [[The Coca-Cola Company|Coca-Cola]], the FDA gave a "no objection" status as [[generally recognized as safe]] (GRAS) in December 2008 to Cargill for its stevia product, [[Truvia]], for use of the refined stevia extracts as a blend of [[rebaudioside A]] and [[erythritol]].<ref name="FDA GRAS Notice">{{cite web | author=Curry, Leslie Lake | title=Agency Response Letter GRAS Notice No. GRN 000287 | url=http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/fcn/fcnDetailNavigation.cfm?rpt=grasListing&id=287 | access-date=26 October 2017 | archive-date=29 March 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110329092815/http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/fcn/fcnDetailNavigation.cfm?rpt=grasListing&id=287 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="FDA2017">{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/aboutfda/transparency/basics/ucm194320.htm|publisher=US Food and Drug Administration|date=28 April 2017|title=Has Stevia been approved by FDA to be used as a sweetener?|access-date=26 October 2017|archive-date=29 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729074803/https://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/Transparency/Basics/ucm194320.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | vauthors = Newmarker C | title = Federal regulators give OK for Cargill's Truvia sweetener | publisher = Minneapolis / St. Paul Business Journal | url = http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2008/12/15/daily38.html | access-date = 18 December 2008 | date = 18 December 2008 | archive-date = 20 June 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170620153855/http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2008/12/15/daily38.html | url-status = live }}</ref> In Australia, the brand Vitarium uses Natvia, a stevia sweetener, in a range of sugar-free children's milk mixes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vitarium.com.au/|title=du Chocolat -|work=vitarium.com.au|access-date=6 August 2013|archive-date=6 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806111824/http://www.vitarium.com.au/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In August 2019, the FDA placed an import alert on stevia leaves and crude extracts—which do not have GRAS status—and on foods or dietary supplements containing them, citing concerns about safety and potential for [[toxicity]].<ref name="fda19">{{cite web |title=Import Alert 45-06: Detention without Physical Examination of Stevia Leaves, Crude Extracts of Stevia Leaves and foods Containing Stevia Leaves and/or Stevia Extracts |url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cms_ia/importalert_119.html |publisher=US Food and Drug Administration |access-date=23 November 2019 |date=16 August 2019 |archive-date=23 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123175839/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cms_ia/importalert_119.html |url-status=live }}</ref>