Editing Stout (section)

==Imperial stout==
{{See also|Baltic porter|Bourbon barrel aged beer}}
[[File:Worthingtons Imperial Stout reclame.JPG|right |thumb|150px|[[Worthington Brewery|Worthington's]] Imperial Stout advertisement]]

''Imperial stout'', also known as ''Russian imperial stout'' (sometimes abbreviated as ''RIS''), is a stronger stout. The style originated in 18th-century London, created by [[Anchor Brewery|Thrale's Anchor Brewery]] for export to the court of [[Catherine II of Russia]].<ref>{{cite book|title=A draught of contentment: the story of the Courage Group|author=John Pudney|year=1971}}</ref> In 1781 the brewery changed hands and the beer became known as "Barclay Perkins Imperial Brown Stout".<ref name=Tyrrell>{{cite book|last1=Blocker|first1=Jack S.|last2=Fahey|first2=David M.|last3=Tyrrell|first3=Ian R.|title=Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History: An International Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BuzNzm-x0l8C&pg=PA177|year=2003|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-833-4|page=177}}</ref> It was shipped to [[Russian Empire|Russia]] by [[Albert von Le Coq]] who was awarded a Russian [[Royal warrant of appointment|royal warrant]] which entitled him to use the name "Imperial".<ref name=Protz>{{cite web| url = https://www.morningadvertiser.co.uk/Article/2008/05/16/Protz-Back-to-black-Baltic-porter-is-heading-for-pole-position| title = Morning Advertiser. ''Back to black: Baltic porter is heading for pole position.''| date = 15 May 2008}}</ref> Historical analyses from the time period of 1849 to 1986 show that the beer had an [[Gravity (alcoholic beverage)#Original gravity (OG); original extract (OE)|original gravity]] between 1.100 and 1.107 and an alcohol content of around 10% ABV. This remained virtually unchanged over the whole time period.<ref>{{cite web
 |url=https://barclayperkins.blogspot.com/2022/01/imperial-russian-stout-1849-1986.html
 |title=Imperial Russian Stout 1849 – 1986
 |last=Pattinson
 |first=Ron
 |date=2022-01-09
 |access-date=2022-01-21
}}</ref> A recipe from 1856 also indicates that it was hopped at a rate of 10 [[Pound (mass)|pounds]] of hops to the [[Barrel (unit)#Fluid barrel in the US and UK|barrel]] ({{convert|10|lb/impbbl|g/L|disp=out|0}}). When Barclay's brewery was taken over by [[Courage Brewery|Courage]] in 1955, the beer was renamed "Courage Imperial Russian Stout" and it was brewed sporadically until 1993.<ref name=OCB>{{cite web| url = https://beerandbrewing.com/dictionary/R5wczzUMCS/| title = Beer and Brewing. ''The Oxford Companion to Beer definition of imperial stout.''}}</ref> The bottle cap still said "Barclay's".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://boakandbailey.com/2017/08/barclays-russian-imperial-stout-1970/ | title=Barclay's Russian Imperial Stout, 1970 | date=31 August 2017 }}</ref>

In Canada, Imperial Stout was produced in [[Prince Albert, Saskatchewan|Prince Albert]] first by Fritz Sick, and then by [[Molson Brewery|Molson]] following a 1958 takeover.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://sain.scaa.sk.ca/collections/downloads/r-l-dick-sweet-breweriana-collection.pdf| title = University of Saskatchewan ''MG 401 – R.L. ("Dick") Sweet – Breweriana Collection. (p26)''}}</ref> Denmark's Wiibroe Brewery launched its 8.2 per cent Imperial Stout in 1930.<ref>[http://www.helsingorleksikon.dk/index.php/Wiibroes_Bryggeri Helsingør Leksikon. ''Wiibroes Bryggeri.''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613230412/http://www.helsingorleksikon.dk/index.php/Wiibroes_Bryggeri |date=13 June 2013 }} (in Danish)</ref> The first brewery to brew an Imperial Stout in the United States was Bert Grant's [[Yakima Brewing]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.beerhunter.com/documents/19133-001575.html| title = Michael Jackson's Beer Hunter. ''How Bert Grant Saved The World.''}}</ref>

Imperial stouts have a high alcohol content, usually over 9% [[Alcohol by volume|abv]], and are among the darkest available beer styles. [[Samuel Smith Old Brewery|Samuel Smith's]] brewed a version for export to the [[Beer in the United States|United States]] in the early 1980s, and today Imperial stout is among the most popular beer styles with U.S. [[craft beer|craft brewers]].<ref name=OCB /> American interpretations of the style often include ingredients such as vanilla beans, chili powder, maple syrup, coffee, and marshmallows. Many are [[Bourbon barrel aged beer|aged in bourbon barrels]] to add additional layers of flavour.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://thetakeout.com/venture-to-the-dark-side-of-the-brew-with-imperial-stou-1798256284| title = The Takeout. ''Venture to the dark side of the brew with imperial stouts.''| date = 20 December 2017}}</ref> The word "Imperial" is now commonly added to other beer styles to denote a stronger version, hence [[India pale ale#United States|Imperial IPAs]], [[pilsner|Imperial pilsners]] etc.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://beerandbrewing.com/dictionary/jHAYJNoGZh/| title = Beer and Brewing. ''The Oxford Companion to Beer definition of "imperial".''}}</ref>

A similar beer style, [[Baltic porter]], originated in the [[Baltic region]] in the 19th century. Imperial stouts imported from Britain were recreated locally using local ingredients and brewing traditions.<ref name=Klemp>{{cite journal |last1=Klemp |first1=K. Florian |title=Big Baltic Porter |url=http://allaboutbeer.com/article/big-baltic-porter/ |journal=All About Beer Magazine |date=March 2008 |volume=29 | issue=1}}</ref>

===Gallery of imperial stouts===
<gallery mode="packed" widths="160px" heights="160px">
File:ImperialStout.jpg|{{center|[[Courage Brewery|Courage]] Imperial Russian Stout}}
File:Samuelsmithstout.JPG|{{center|[[Samuel Smith Old Brewery|Samuel Smith's]]<br>Imperial Stout}}
File:Founders Kentucky Breakfast Stout.jpg|{{center|[[Founders Brewing Company|Founders]] Kentucky Breakfast Stout}}
File:Great Divide Chocolate Oak Aged Yeti.jpg|{{center|[[Great Divide Brewing Company|Great Divide]]<br>Oak Aged Yeti}}
File:Three-Floyds-Dark-Lord-02.jpg|{{center|[[Three Floyds Brewing|Three Floyds]]<br> Dark Lord}}
File:North Coast Old Rasputin XII.jpg|{{center|[[North Coast Brewing Company|North Coast]]<br>Old Rasputin XII}}
File:Flickr - cyclonebill - Imperial stout (cropped).jpg|{{center|[[Carlsberg Group|Carlsberg]]<br>Wiibroe Imperial Stout}}
Sierra Nevada Narwhal.jpg|{{center|[[Sierra Nevada Brewing Company|Sierra Nevada]]<br>Narwhal}}
</gallery>