Editing Stigmata (section)

==Non-Christian stigmata==

Among the [[Warao people|Warao]] of the [[Orinoco Delta]], a contemplator of [[Tutelary deity|tutelary spirits]] may mystically induce the development of "...(imagined) openings in the palms of his hands."<ref>Johannes Wilbert : "Warao Basketry". ''Occasional Papers of the Museum of Cultural History'', University of California at Los Angeles, No. 3, 1975. pp. 5–6</ref>

[[Buddhist]] "stigmata"<ref>Keith Taylor & John Whitmore : ''Essays into Vietnamese Pasts''. Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1985. p. 278</ref><ref>cited in Ing-Britt Trankell & Laura Summers : ''Facets of Power and Its Limitations''. Department of Cultural Anthropology, Uppsala University, 1998. p. 24</ref> are regularly indicated in [[Buddhist art]].

Some spiritualist [[Mediumship|mediums]] have also produced stigmata. During the séances of German medium Maria Vollhardt, it was alleged that bleeding wounds appeared.<ref>Shepard, Leslie. (1991). ''Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology''. Gale Research Company. p. 1779</ref> However, [[Albert Moll (German psychiatrist)|Albert Moll]], a psychiatrist, considered her phenomena to be fraudulent.<ref name="Wolffram">{{cite journal |last=Wolffram |first=Heather |year=2012 |pmc=3381525 |title=Trick, Manipulation and Farce: Albert Moll's Critique of Occultism |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=277–295 |journal=[[Medical History (journal)|Medical History]] |pmid=23002297 |doi=10.1017/mdh.2011.37 }}</ref>