Editing Spanish Revolution of 1936 (section)

==== Socialized industry ====
After the coup d'état and the beginning of the civil war, many owners in the republican zone were assassinated, imprisoned, or exiled, thus leaving a multitude of companies and factories without direction.{{sfn|Peirats|2011|p=275}} This situation led to the takeover of such entities, sometimes amounting to entire industries, by the unions.{{sfn|Pérez Baró|1974|pp=45–46}} Within the industrial sphere the revolution was carried out in different ways. These differences radiated from numerous factors: the disappearance of the owner, the strength and political orientation of the workers' organizations, the existence of foreign capital in the company itself, or even the destination of its products. Faced with this situation, there were three major orientations:{{sfn|Thomas|1961|p=575}}
* [[Workers' control]] occurred where the existence of foreign capital limited the revolutionary capacity of the workers
* [[Nationalization]] occurred in companies with management sympathetic to Soviet communism, and later in all war industries
* [[Social ownership#Socialization as a process|Socialization]] occurred in those industries that did not have a large volume of foreign capital and the political affiliation approached or defended the postulates of the CNT-FAI.

At the beginning of the war, 70% of all the industry in Spain was in Catalonia,{{sfn|Leval|1975|p=268}} which, as the nerve center of the CNT and Spanish anarchism, gave it a great importance within the revolutionary process, being one of the places where some of the most radical revolutionary experiments took place.{{sfn|Castells Duran|1996|p=11}} In all the places where industrial measures were carried out, it is necessary to look at certain factors, such as the type of industry or the implantation of the different workers' organizations and political parties, especially at the beginning of the revolution, when the actions were more broad, when workers had greater freedom of movement and the state had no capacity to oppose them.{{sfn|Castells Duran|1996|p=14}}

===== Socialization =====
Socialization consisted of the management of the industry by the workers themselves. On the practical level, it resulted in the abolition of private property by collective management and property, based on the principles of [[direct action]] and the [[anti-authoritarianism]] of anarchism.{{sfn|Castells Duran|1996|p=28}} In this case, management fell to a board of directors made up of less than fifteen people, in which all the productive and service levels of the company were involved, and in which the trade union centrals had to be proportionally represented. This council was elected in a workers' assembly to which they were responsible.{{sfn|Pérez Baró|1974|pp=90–91}} The benefits were distributed among: workers, company, and for social purposes. Within each company was a reserve fund that the assembly could decide to use for social purposes, such as contributions to regional credit unions, the unemployed, or as investments in education and health.{{sfn|Pérez Baró|1974|p=93}}{{sfn|Leval|1975|p=401}}{{sfn|Quilis Tauriz|1992|p=181}}

===== Nationalization =====
Nationalization denoted the management of the industry by the state. It resulted in the abolition of private property and management.{{sfn|Castells Duran|1996|p=30}} The boards of directors were controlled by the state, and the benefits were adduced to the state and the company itself. It was the choice that the [[Communist Party of Spain|Communist Party]] defended, since in this way it could weaken the economic power that the CNT held.{{sfn|Bolloten|1980|p=309}}

===== Worker control =====
Worker control involved the creation of workers' committees that would be in charge of controlling working conditions, the cash movements of the companies, and the control of production of companies that remained in private hands,{{sfn|Pérez Baró|1974|p=81}} excepting only those that did not have enough personnel to meet the conditions of belonging to a committee. These committees were made up of between three and nine members, they were made up of representatives of the two unions, in a proportional manner, and of all the services and industries that the company dealt with. These representatives were elected in an assembly of the center, an assembly in which it was decided whether a committee also had the right to sign for the movements of funds, the frequency of meetings between the committee and the patron, and the frequency of meetings between them. Committee membership was not remunerated, a term lasted two years, with eligibility for reelection. Members were responsible, for their management of a company, to the assembly of the company and to the General Council of Industry. A committee approved the hours, salary increases and decreases, changes of categories or workplace, and notifications of absences to workers. A committee had to meet once a week to discuss the employer's proposals and to ensure compliance with the official provisions. The employer representation still had the power of the legal representation of the company, the power to contract, the custody of the box, and the signature and the fixing of their remuneration. If the company had a corporation or other commercial model as a legal entity, a member of the committee had to attend the council meetings with voice but without a vote.{{sfn|Pérez Baró|1974|pp=85–86}}