Editing Smart growth (section)

== Elements ==
[[File:Tramvaj br. 2.jpg|thumb|alt=Green tramway track in Belgrade, Serbia|[[Green track|Green tramway track]] in [[Belgrade]], Serbia]]
Growth is "smart growth", to the extent that it includes the elements listed below.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.smartgrowth.org/about/default.asp| title = smartgrowth.org| access-date = 2006-01-10| archive-date = 2006-01-01| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060101023030/http://www.smartgrowth.org/about/default.asp| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/about_sg.htm| title = epa.gov}}</ref>

===Compact neighborhoods===
Compact, livable urban neighborhoods attract more people and business. Creating such neighborhoods is a critical element of reducing urban sprawl and protecting the climate. Such a tactic includes adopting redevelopment strategies and zoning policies that channel housing and job growth into urban centers and neighborhood business districts, to create compact, walkable, and bike- and transit-friendly hubs. This sometimes requires local governmental bodies to implement code changes that allow increased height and density downtown and regulations that not only eliminate minimum parking requirements for new development but establish a maximum number of allowed spaces. Other topics fall under this concept:

* [[mixed-use development]]
* inclusion of [[affordable housing]]
* restrictions or limitations on suburban design forms (e.g., [[house|detached houses]] on individual lots, [[strip malls]] and surface [[parking]] lots)
* inclusion of [[parks]] and recreation areas

In [[sustainable architecture]] the recent movements of [[New Urbanism]] and [[New Classical Architecture]] promote a sustainable approach towards construction, that appreciates and develops smart growth, [[Vernacular architecture|architectural tradition]] and [[Classical architecture|classical design]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.cnu.org/charter| title = Charter of the New Urbanism| date = 20 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Beauty, Humanism, Continuity between Past and Future|url=http://www.traditionalarchitecture.co.uk/aims.html|publisher=Traditional Architecture Group|access-date=23 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305215635/http://www.traditionalarchitecture.co.uk/aims.html|archive-date=2018-03-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> This in contrast to [[Modern architecture|modernist]] and [[International Style (architecture)|globally uniform]] architecture, as well as leaning against solitary [[housing estate]]s and [[Urban sprawl|suburban sprawl]].<ref>[http://www.aia.org/SiteObjects/files/smartgrowth05.pdf Issue Brief: Smart-Growth: Building Livable Communities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119170943/https://www.aia.org/SiteObjects/files/smartgrowth05.pdf |date=2018-11-19 }}. American Institute of Architects. Retrieved on 2014-03-23.</ref> Both trends started in the 1980s.

===Transit-oriented development===
[[Transit-oriented development]] (TOD) is a residential or commercial area designed to maximize access to public transport, and mixed-use/compact neighborhoods tend to use transit at all times of the day.<ref>{{cite book|title=Challenges and Policy Options for Creating and Preserving Affordable Housing|author=Rick Haughey, Ryan Sherriff|page=6}}</ref>
Many cities striving to implement better TOD strategies seek to secure funding to create new public transportation infrastructure and improve existing services. Other measures might include regional cooperation to increase efficiency and expand services, and moving buses and trains more frequently through high-use areas. Other topics fall under this concept:

* [[Transportation demand management]] measures
* road pricing system (tolling)
* commercial parking taxes

===Pedestrian- and bicycle-friendly design===
Biking and walking instead of driving can reduce emissions, save money on fuel and maintenance, and foster a healthier population. Pedestrian- and bicycle-friendly improvements include bike lanes on main streets, an urban bike-trail system, bike parking, pedestrian crossings, and associated master plans. The most pedestrian- and bike-friendly variant of smart growth and New Urbanism is {{interlanguage link|New Pedestrianism|de||es|Nuevo peatonalismo|fr|Nouveau piétonnisme|ja|新歩行者主義|zh|新徒步主义}}) because motor vehicles are on a separate grid.

===Others===
* preserving open space and critical habitat, reusing land, and protecting water supplies and air quality
* [[transparency (humanities)|transparent]], predictable, fair and cost-effective rules for development
* [[historic preservation]]
* Setting aside large areas where development is prohibited, nature is able to run its course, providing fresh air and clean water.
* Expansion around already existing areas allows public services to be located where people are living without taking away from the core city neighborhoods in large urban areas.
* Developing around preexisting areas decreases the socioeconomic segregation allowing society to function more equitably, generating a tax base for housing, educational and employment programs.