Editing Short-term memory (section)

== Relationship with working memory ==
The relationship between short-term memory and [[working memory]] is described by various theories, but the two concepts are generally considered distinct. Neither holds information for long, but short-term memory is a simple store, while working memory allows it to be manipulated.<ref name="Jonides 193–2242">{{Cite journal |last1=Jonides |first1=John |last2=Lewis |first2=Richard L. |last3=Nee |first3=Derek Evan |last4=Lustig |first4=Cindy A. |last5=Berman |first5=Marc G. |last6=Moore |first6=Katherine Sledge |date=January 2008 |title=The Mind and Brain of Short-Term Memory |journal=[[Annual Review of Psychology]] |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=193–224 |doi=10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093615 |pmc=3971378 |pmid=17854286 }}</ref> Short-term memory is part of working memory, but is not the same thing.

Working memory refers to structures and processes used for temporarily storing and manipulating information. Working memory has been termed ''working attention''. Working memory and attention together play a major role in the thought process. Short-term memory in general refers to the short-term storage of information, and it does not encompass memory manipulation or organization. Thus, while short-term memory components appear in working memory models, the concept of short-term memory is distinct from other concepts.

Within [[Alan Baddeley|Baddeley]]'s influential 1986 [[Baddeley's model of working memory|model of working memory]] two short-term storage mechanisms appear: the [[Baddeley's model of working memory#Phonological loop|phonological loop]] and the [[Baddeley's model of working memory#Visuo-spatial working memory|visuospatial sketchpad]]. Most of the above research involves the phonological loop, because most of the work on short-term memory uses verbal material. Since the 1990s, however, research on [[visual short-term memory]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Luck |first1=S. J. |last2=Vogel |first2=E. K. |year=1997 |title=The capacity of visual working memory for features and conjunctions |journal=Nature |volume=390 |issue=6657 |pages=279–281 |bibcode=1997Natur.390..279L |doi=10.1038/36846 |pmid=9384378 |s2cid=205025290}}</ref> and spatial short-term memory has expanded.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Parmentier |first1=F. B. R. |last2=Elford |first2=G. |last3=Maybery |first3=M. |year=2005 |title=Transitional information in spatial serial memory: path characteristics affect recall performance |journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=412–427 |doi=10.1037/0278-7393.31.3.412 |pmid=15910128}}</ref>