Editing September Morn (section)

====Chicago====
{{multiple image
| footer    = Newspaper reproductions of the painting, censored with clothing
| align     = right

| image1    = 'Miss Morn' of Chicago, 1913.jpg
| alt1      = In ''[[The Seattle Star]]''
| width1     = 126

| image2    =September Morn in Dress.jpg
| alt2      = In ''[[The Leavenworth Times]]''
| width2     = 150
}}
A full-size reproduction of ''September Morn'' was displayed in a window of Jackson and Semmelmeyer, a photography shop in [[Chicago]], Illinois, in March 1913.{{efn|The store was located at 44 Wabash Avenue {{harv|Chicago Daily Tribune 1913}}.}}{{sfn|Green|Karolides|2009|p=506}} A passing police officer noticed the print and on grounds that it was indecent, insisted it be taken down.{{efn|Sources disagree as to the name of this policeman. {{harvtxt|Boalt|1913|p=1}} gives "Jerry Sullivan", while ''The Milwaukee Journal'' gives "Fred Rirsch" {{harv|The Milwaukee Journal 1913, Paris}}.}} The mayor of the city, [[Carter Harrison IV]], agreed with the policeman's decision, and deemed that the image could be sold, but should not be displayed in public as children could see it.{{sfn|Pattison|1913|p=244}} Fred Jackson, the owner, was charged with indecency,{{sfn|Kendrick|1996|p=147}}{{sfn|The Milwaukee Journal 1913, Beautiful}} and at his request the case was brought to trial on March 18.{{sfn|Chicago Daily Tribune 1913}}

In front of a jury, the city's art censor Jeremiah O'Connor testified that ''September Morn'' was lewd and should not be displayed in public, but rather only in a museum exhibition.{{efn|In an interview with the ''[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]'', O'Connor stated that he personally liked the painting, but considered it "embarrassing for women to look at" and thought displays would have a negative impact on young boys. He drew a comparison with the [[Bible]], explaining that it "may be good reading for people who understand it, but some chapters are not intended for young folks" {{harv|Chicago Daily Tribune 1913}}.}} W.&nbsp;W.&nbsp;Hallam of the Chicago Vice Committee agreed, arguing that, as the woman was committing the illegal act of bathing in public, ''September Morn'' had to be banned.{{sfn|Green|Karolides|2009|p=506}}{{sfn|The Spokesman-Review 1913}} Other witnesses for the prosecution included censors, educators, and clergy, such as the superintendent [[Ella Flagg Young]] and the head of the [[Juvenile Protective Association]] Gertrude Howe Britton.{{sfn|The Milwaukee Journal 1913, Beautiful}}{{sfn|The Spokesman-Review 1913}}{{sfn|The Milwaukee Journal 1913, Don't be Afraid}}

Jackson, acting as his own lawyer, highlighted the hypocrisy of censoring the painting while a nude statue of [[Diana (mythology)|Diana]] stood in front of the [[Montgomery Ward Company Complex|Montgomery Ward Building]]. He called upon painters, poets, and sculptors as his witnesses, including the artist Oliver Grover and the art critic Walter Smith.{{efn|''The Milwaukee Journal'' reprinted one poem in defense of the painting, as follows {{harv|The Milwaukee Journal 1913, Beautiful}}:
<poem>
Sometime, glad time, in Arcady, I want
  to live a day
With Joy's slim daughter of the dawn
  to teach my love the way;
To live a day without the clothes, the
  coin, the masquerade
That burden so the struggle here—of
  hypocrites afraid.

Sometime, dear time, in Arcady, im-
  mune from 'pure' police
I hope to find the picture true, that
  caught its light from Greece;
To be as true to life, dear life, as is the
  painter's dream
Within the dawning of the day where
  new ideals gleam.
</poem>
}}{{sfn|The Milwaukee Journal 1913, Beautiful}}{{sfn|The Spokesman-Review 1913}} In his testimony, Grover stated "A nude woman is no more
indecent than a bare tree. Men and women weren't born with overcoats on. Anyhow, indecency may be decidedly apart from nudity."{{sfn|San Francisco Call 1913}}

After less than an hour of deliberations,{{efn|Sources differ as to the exact length of deliberations. The ''San Francisco Call'' gives 20 minutes {{harv|San Francisco Call 1913}}, while the ''[[Escanaba Morning Press]]'' gives 45 {{harv|Escanaba Morning Press 1913}}.}} the jury found for Jackson, allowing him to reinstate the image in his display;{{sfn|San Francisco Call 1913}}{{sfn|The Spokesman-Review 1913}}{{Sfn|Boalt|1913|p=1}} Jackson was so pleased that he promised a free copy of ''September Morn'' to each juror.{{sfn|Escanaba Morning Press 1913}} Ten days after the trial Mayor Harrison went to the city council and proposed stricter obscenity laws. The city government agreed, and imposed a $25–100{{efn|${{Inflation|US|25|1913|fmt=c}}–${{Inflation|US|100|1913|fmt=c}} today.{{Inflation-fn|US}}}} fine for displaying nude art along public roads and in places frequented by children.{{Sfn|Boalt|1913|p=1}}{{sfn|Garvey|1988|p=158}} By September Jackson (together with fellow art dealers Samuel Meyer and William Kuhl) had been found in violation of this law. Mayor Harrison later stated that he was "through" with the painting, saying "Chicago has been made the laughing stock of the whole country because of this bathing girl picture".{{sfn|The Pittsburgh Press 1913, Chicago}}