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===Chinese language=== Chinese does not encounter the problem of incorporating spaces into text because, unlike most [[writing system]]s, Chinese characters represent [[morphemes]] and not phonemes.<ref name=Moore-2001/> Chinese is therefore readable without spaces. Western punctuation was first used in China in the 20th century as a result of interaction with Western culture.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fang |first=Angela |title=How To Use: Chinese Punctuation |url=http://blog.tutorming.com/mandarin-chinese-learning-tips/how-to-use-chinese-punctuation |access-date=2017-09-25 |language=en}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Example Chinese sentence written in various ways |- ! Script ! Text |- | | Beijing is in northern China; Guangzhou is in southern China. |- | Normal Chinese sentence | {{lang|zh|北京在中国北方;广州在中国南方。}} |- | Without punctuation | {{lang|zh|北京在中国北方广州在中国南方}} |- | With spacing | {{lang|zh|北京 在 中国 北方;广州 在 中国 南方。}} |- | [[Pinyin]] transcription | {{tlit|zh|Běijīng zài Zhōngguó běifāng; Guǎngzhōu zài Zhōngguó nánfāng.}} |- |} However, sentences can still be ambiguous due to a lack of punctuation and/or word breaks. One Chinese joke<ref>{{Cite website|title=The importance of punctuation|url= https://www.csb.gov.hk/hkgcsb/ol/news/no4/page1_4.pdf|language=ch}}</ref> concerns a contract between a landlord and a poor scholar, which was written without punctuation and thus was interpreted in two different ways: {| class="wikitable" ! Characters ! Pinyin ! English |- | {{lang|zh|沒魚肉也可,沒鷄鴨也可,青菜豆腐不可少,不得工钱}} | {{tlit|zh|Méi yú ròu yě kě, méi jī yā yě kě, qīngcài dòufu bùkě shǎo, bùdé gōngqián}} | Lacking fish and meat is acceptable; lacking chicken or duck is acceptable; vegetables and tofu must not be few; wages prohibited |- | {{lang|zh|沒魚,肉也可,沒鷄,鴨也可,青菜豆腐不可,少不得工钱}} | {{tlit|zh|Méi yú, ròu yě kě, méi jī, yā yě kě, qīngcài dòufu bùkě, shàobùdé gōngqián}} | Lacking fish, meat is acceptable; lacking chicken, duck is acceptable; vegetables and tofu must not be provided; wages mandatory |}
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