Editing Scientific journal (section)

== Reproducibility and replicability ==
For scientific journals, [[Reproducibility|reproducibility and replicability]] of the scientific results are core concepts that allow other scientists to check and reproduce the results under the same conditions described in the paper or at least similar conditions and produce similar results with similar measurements of the same subject or carried out under changed conditions of measurement. While the ability to reproduce the results based only on details included in the article is expected, verification of reproducibility by a third party is not generally required for publication.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Editorial and Journal Policies |url=https://www.pnas.org/author-center/editorial-and-journal-policies |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=PNAS |language=en}}</ref> The reproducibility of results presented in an article is therefore judged implicitly by the quality of the procedures reported and agreement with the data provided. However, some journals in the field of chemistry such as ''[[Inorganic Syntheses]]'' and ''[[Organic Syntheses]]'' require independent reproduction of the results presented as part of the review process. The inability for independent researches to reproduce published results is widespread, with 70% of researchers reporting failure to reproduce another scientist's results, including more than half who report failing to reproduce their own experiments.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baker |first=Monya |date=2016-05-01 |title=1,500 scientists lift the lid on reproducibility |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=533 |issue=7604 |pages=452–454 |doi=10.1038/533452a |pmid=27225100 |bibcode=2016Natur.533..452B |s2cid=4460617 |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free }}</ref> Sources of irreproducibility vary, including publication of [[False evidence|falsified or misrepresented]] data and [[Hand-waving|poor detailing]] of procedures.<ref>{{Cite book |last=National Academies of Sciences |first=Engineering |url=https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25303/reproducibility-and-replicability-in-science |title=Reproducibility and Replicability in Science |date=2019-05-07 |isbn=978-0-309-48616-3 |language=en}}</ref>