Editing Scar (section)

====Fibroblasts====
The scarring is created by [[fibroblast]] proliferation,<ref name="Fibroblast"/> a process that begins with a reaction to the clot.<ref name=pmid18086923>{{cite journal |doi=10.1083/jcb.200704042 |pmid=18086923 |pmc=2140013 |title=Myofibroblast contraction activates latent TGF-β1 from the extracellular matrix |journal=The Journal of Cell Biology |volume=179 |issue=6 |pages=1311–1323 |year=2007 |last1=Wipff |first1=Pierre-Jean |last2=Rifkin |first2=Daniel B. |last3=Meister |first3=Jean-Jacques |last4=Hinz |first4=Boris }}</ref> To mend the damage, fibroblasts slowly form the [[collagen]] scar. The fibroblast proliferation is circular<ref name=pmid18086923/> and cyclically, the fibroblast proliferation lays down thick, whitish collagen<ref name="Fibroblast"/> inside the provisional and collagen matrix, resulting in the abundant production of packed collagen on the fibers<ref name="Fibroblast">{{cite encyclopedia  | title = Facts about fibroblast: scar tissue formation| quote = As part of the healing process, specialized cells called fibroblasts in adjacent areas of skin produce a fibrous connective tissue made up of collagen. The bundles formed by these whitish, rather inelastic fibres make up the bulk of the scar tissue...| encyclopedia = Britannica.com| url = http://www.britannica.com/facts/5/264152/fibroblast-as-discussed-in-scar-biology| access-date = 19 April 2010}}</ref><ref name=pmid18086923/> giving scars their uneven texture. Over time, the fibroblasts continue to crawl around the matrix, adjusting more fibers and, in the process, the scarring settles and becomes stiff.<ref name=pmid18086923/> This fibroblast proliferation also contracts the tissue.<ref name=pmid18086923/> In unwounded tissue, these fibers are not overexpressed with thick collagen and do not contract.

EPF and ENF fibroblasts have been genetically traced with the [[EN1 (gene)|Engrailed-1]] genetic marker.<ref name=EPFsENFs/> EPFs are the primary contributors to all fibrotic outcomes after wounding.<ref name=EPFsENFs/> ENFs do not contribute to fibrotic outcomes.<ref name=EPFsENFs>{{Citation| last1 = Jiang| first1 = D| last2 = Rinkevich| first2 = Y | title = Scars or Regeneration?—Dermal Fibroblasts as Drivers of Diverse Skin Wound Responses| journal = International Journal of Molecular Sciences| year = 2020| volume = 21| issue = 2| page = 617| doi = 10.3390/ijms21020617| pmid = 31963533| pmc = 7014275| language = English| doi-access = free}}</ref><ref name=EngrailedEPFsENFs>{{Citation| last = Rinkevich| first = Y| title = Skin fibrosis. Identification and isolation of a dermal lineage with intrinsic fibrogenic potential| journal = Science| year = 2015| volume = 348| issue = 6232| pages = aaa2151| doi = 10.1126/science.aaa2151| pmid = 25883361| pmc = 5088503| language = English}}</ref>