Editing San Juan, Puerto Rico (section)

=== Climate ===
[[File:Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020) - San Juan Area, PR(ThreadEx).svg|thumb|right|Climate chart for San Juan]]
San Juan has a [[tropical monsoon climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Am]]) with year-round [[growing season]]. It has an average temperature of {{convert|81.0|F|1}}. Temperatures of {{convert|90|°F|0}} or higher are seen on an average 79 days annually, more commonly occurring during the wetter months of the northern summer, especially if the winds come from the south.<ref name="NOWData" />

In the winter, temperatures can drop to around {{convert|60|°F}}. The average winter low is {{convert|71|°F|0}}. The coolest temperature officially recorded was {{convert|60|°F|0}} on March 3, 1957, and the hottest was {{convert|98|°F|0}} on October 9, 1981.<ref name="TWC" /> The record cold daily maximum is {{convert|71|°F|0}} on February 4, 1935. The record warm daily minimum is {{convert|83|°F|0}} on August 11, 1995, the most recent of four occasions.<ref name="NOWData" />

With a mean minimum of 67&nbsp;°F (19 C), San Juan is in USDA plant [[hardiness zone]] 13B, which is the highest category. Rainfall is well-distributed throughout the year. The months of January, February, and March are the driest. As March averages just {{convert|1.95|in|1}} of rain, the city falls under the [[tropical monsoon climate|tropical monsoon]] category.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.climate-zone.com/climate/puerto-rico/fahrenheit/san-juan-intl-arpt.htm|title=Climate information for San Juan Intl. Airport|access-date=June 1, 2007|archive-date=February 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224230749/http://www.climate-zone.com/climate/puerto-rico/fahrenheit/san-juan-intl-arpt.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Rainfall averages {{convert|56.35|in|mm|1}}, falling on an average 198.5 days per year.<ref name="NOWData" /> Despite this dampness, the city averages 2,970 hours of sunshine per year, or just over {{frac|2|3}} of the possible total.<ref name="NOAAsun" /> Annual rainfall has historically ranged from {{convert|35.53|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} in 1991 to {{convert|89.50|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} in 2010.<ref name="NOWData" />
[[File:Sahara Dust over Puerto Rico.jpg|thumb|June 2022 haze event caused by [[Saharan dust]].]]
As with other parts of Puerto Rico and the Caribbean, San Juan is often blanketed by waves of [[Saharan dust]] coming from the [[Sahara]] across the Atlantic Ocean in [[North Africa|Northern Africa]]. Although beneficial to the tropical environment,<ref>{{Cite web |last=prsciencetrust.org |date=2020-06-26 |title=Polvo del Sahara: Entre los efectos nocivos de salud y los beneficios al medio ambiente |url=https://prsciencetrust.org/polvo-del-sahara/ |access-date=2022-12-24 |website=Fideicomiso de Ciencias, Tecnología e Investigación de Puerto Rico |language=es-PR}}</ref> these dust storms have recently become hazardous to human health causing haze and overheating in urban areas of the island. Due to San Juan's relatively flat geography, the dust often settles in these flat coastal regions of Puerto Rico as its flow is blocked by the higher altitude [[Cordillera Central (Puerto Rico)|Cordillera Central]] to the south, causing intense episodes of haze to settle for long periods of time, especially during periods of more scarce rainfall.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-12 |title=Una densa nube de polvo del Sahara deteriora la calidad de aire en Puerto Rico |url=https://www.elnuevodia.com/noticias/el-tiempo/notas/una-densa-nube-de-polvo-del-sahara-deteriora-la-calidad-de-aire-en-puerto-rico/ |access-date=2022-12-24 |website=El Nuevo Día |language=es}}</ref> Recent advancements include early warning systems to prepare the population for these intense episodes by both local authorities and the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-13 |title=Amplían la educación sobre el Sistema de Alerta Temprana para el Polvo del Sahara |url=https://www.elnuevodia.com/ciencia-ambiente/otros/notas/amplian-la-educacion-sobre-el-sistema-de-alerta-temprana-para-el-polvo-del-sahara/ |access-date=2022-12-24 |website=El Nuevo Día |language=es}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

==== Hurricane Maria ====
{{See also|Effects of Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico}}[[File:170922-Z-BG835-909 (37348163586).jpg|thumb|Department of Defense vehicles traveling through a major highway in San Juan flooded with the Hurricane Maria rainfall]]

[[Hurricane Maria]] made landfall in southeastern Puerto Rico on September 20, 2017.<ref name="USGS_Maria_Landslides">{{cite web|title=Preliminary Locations of Landslide Impacts from Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico|url=https://landslides.usgs.gov/research/featured/2017/maria-pr/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303143147/https://landslides.usgs.gov/research/featured/2017/maria-pr/|archive-date=March 3, 2019|access-date=March 3, 2019|website=USGS Landslide Hazards Program|publisher=USGS}}</ref><ref name="USGS_Maria_Landslides map">{{cite web|title=Preliminary Locations of Landslide Impacts from Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico|url=https://landslides.usgs.gov/research/featured/2017/maria-pr/images/PR_Maria_LS_density_map.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303143147/https://landslides.usgs.gov/research/featured/2017/maria-pr/images/PR_Maria_LS_density_map.pdf|archive-date=March 3, 2019|access-date=March 3, 2019|website=USGS Landslide Hazards Program|publisher=USGS}}</ref> Gusts of up to 113&nbsp;mph (182&nbsp;km/h) were reported in the capital city shortly before landfall in the municipality of [[Yabucoa, Puerto Rico|Yabucoa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Remnants of Lisa Public Advisory |url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/text/refresh/MIATCPAT5+shtml/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=www.nhc.noaa.gov}}</ref> The municipality of San Juan experienced widespread flooding in most coastal areas, and roofs were blown off from numerous structures.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ferré-Sadurní |first1=Luis |last2=Hartocollis |first2=Anemona |date=2017-09-21 |title=Maria Strikes, and Puerto Rico Goes Dark |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/20/us/hurricane-maria-puerto-rico-power.html |access-date=2022-11-17 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hurricane Maria cuts all electricity as it crushes Puerto Rico |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/weather/hurricane-maria-makes-landfall-puerto-rico-category-4-storm-n802911 |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=NBC News |date=September 21, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> The neighborhood of [[La Perla, San Juan, Puerto Rico|La Perla]] was largely destroyed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-22 |title='Despacito' made this neighborhood famous. Hurricane Maria left it in ruins |url=https://wreg.com/news/despacito-made-this-neighborhood-famous-hurricane-maria-left-it-in-ruins/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=WREG.com |language=en-US |archive-date=November 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117050947/https://wreg.com/news/despacito-made-this-neighborhood-famous-hurricane-maria-left-it-in-ruins/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the wider metropolitan area, flooding from [[La Plata Lake|Lake La Plata]] produced flash floods that trapped residents of [[Toa Baja, Puerto Rico|Toa Baja]], and in [[Cataño, Puerto Rico|Cataño]] the Juana Matos neighborhood was estimated to be 80% destroyed.<ref name="NYT_Sep21">{{cite news |date=September 21, 2017 |title=Hurricane Maria Live Updates: In Puerto Rico, the Storm 'Destroyed Us' |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/21/us/hurricane-maria-puerto-rico.html |url-status=live |access-date=September 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921104532/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/21/us/hurricane-maria-puerto-rico.html |archive-date=September 21, 2017}}</ref> At least eight people died from the flooding, while many were unaccounted for.<ref name="ToaBaja">{{cite news |last=Ferré-Sadurní |first=Luis |date=September 22, 2017 |title=In a Puerto Rican Town, 'Water Came Out of Nowhere' |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/22/us/puerto-rico-toa-baja-hurricane-.html |url-status=live |access-date=September 23, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923034104/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/22/us/puerto-rico-toa-baja-hurricane-.html |archive-date=September 23, 2017}}</ref>

{{San Juan, Puerto Rico weatherbox}}
{{Graph:Weather monthly history
| table=Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/San Juan, Puerto Rico.tab
| title=San Juan monthly weather statistics
}}