Editing Sabbath in Christianity (section)

===Protestant Reformation===
{{main|Puritan Sabbatarianism}}
[[File:Recreation ground on the Isle of Raasay - geograph.org.uk - 1476596.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|A recreation ground on [[Raasay]] displaying a sign "Please do not use this playing field on Sundays"]]
Protestant reformers, beginning in the 16th century, brought new interpretations of Christian law to the West. The [[Heidelberg Catechism]] of the [[Reformed Church]]es founded by [[John Calvin]] teaches that the moral law as contained in the [[Ten Commandments]] is binding for Christians and that it instructs Christians how to live in service to God in gratitude for His grace shown in redeeming mankind.<ref name="OPC2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.opc.org/qa.html?question_id=165|title=God's Law in Old and New Covenants|year=2018|publisher=[[Orthodox Presbyterian Church]]|language=en|access-date=1 June 2018}}</ref> Likewise, [[Martin Luther]], in his work against the [[Antinomianism|Antinomians]], rejected the idea of the abolition of the Ten Commandments.<ref>Martin Luther, "Wider die Antinomer" [Against the Antinomians], secs. 6, 8, in his ''Sämmtliche Schriften'', ed. by Joh[ann] Georg Walch, Vol. 20 (St. Louis: Concordia, 1890), cols. 1613, 1614. German.</ref> They also viewed Sunday rest as a civic institution established by human authority, which provided an occasion for bodily rest and public worship.<ref name=Bauckham4>{{cite book |chapter=Sabbath and Sunday in the Protestant Tradition |first=R. J. |last=Bauckham |title=From Sabbath to Lord's Day |editor1-first=D. A. |editor1-last=Carson |year=1982 |pages=311–342 |publisher=Wipf & Stock Publishers/Zondervan |editor-link=D. A. Carson |isbn=978-1-57910-307-1}}</ref> Another Protestant, [[John Wesley]], stated "This 'handwriting of ordinances' our Lord did blot out, take away, and nail to His cross.<ref>{{bibleverse|Col.|2:14|KJV}}</ref> But the moral law contained in the Ten Commandments, and enforced by the prophets, He did not take away. ... The moral law stands on an entirely different foundation from the ceremonial or ritual law. ... Every part of this law must remain in force upon all mankind and in all ages."<ref>John Wesley, "Sermons on Several Occasions" (2-volume ed.), Vol. I, pp. 221, 222.</ref>

[[Sabbatarianism]] arose and spread among both the continental and English Protestants during the 17th and 18th centuries. The [[Puritans]] of England and Scotland brought a new rigorism into the observance of the Christian Lord's Day in reaction to the customary Sunday observance of the time, which they regarded as lax. They appealed to Sabbath ordinances with the idea that only the Bible can bind men's consciences on whether or how they will take a break from work, or to impose an obligation to meet at a particular time. Their influential reasoning spread to other denominations also, and it is primarily through their influence that "Sabbath" has become the colloquial equivalent of "Lord's Day" or "Sunday". Sunday Sabbatarianism is enshrined in its most mature expression, the ''[[Westminster Confession of Faith]]'' (1646), in the [[Calvinism|Calvinist]] theological tradition. Paragraphs 7 and 8 of Chapter 21 (''Of Religious Worship, and the Sabbath Day'') read:

{{Blockquote|{{ordered list|start=7| As it is the law of nature, that, in general, a due proportion of time be set apart for the worship of God; so, in his Word, by a positive, moral, and perpetual commandment binding all men in all ages, he hath particularly appointed one day in seven, for a Sabbath, to be kept holy unto him: which, from the beginning of the world to the resurrection of Christ, was the last day of the week; and, from the resurrection of Christ, was changed into the first day of the week, which, in Scripture, is called the Lord's day, and is to be continued to the end of the world, as the Christian Sabbath.

| This Sabbath is then kept holy unto the Lord, when men, after a due preparing of their hearts, and ordering of their common affairs beforehand, do not only observe a holy rest, all the day, from their own works, words, and thoughts about their worldly employments and recreations, but also are taken up, the whole time, in the public and private exercises of his worship, and in the duties of necessity and mercy.<ref name="Assembly">{{Cite book|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Confession_of_Faith_of_the_Assembly_of_Divines_at_Westminster#Chapter_21|title=The Confession of Faith of the Assembly of Divines at Westminster|last=Assembly|first=Westminster}}</ref>}}}}

The confession holds that not only is work forbidden on Sunday, but also "works, words, and thoughts" about "worldly employments and recreations". Instead, the whole day should be taken up with "public and private exercises of [one's] worship, and in the duties of necessity and mercy".<ref name="Assembly"/>

Strict Sunday Sabbatarianism is sometimes called "Puritan Sabbath", which may be contrasted with "Continental Sabbath".<ref>{{cite book|last=Marsden|first=George|author-link=George Marsden|title=Understanding Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism|year=1991|publisher=[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company|William B. Eerdmans]]|page=25|isbn=978-0-8028-0539-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3NBLzpLP4NgC&pg=PA25}}</ref> The latter follows the [[reformed confessions of faith]] of [[Continental Europe]] such as the ''[[Heidelberg Catechism]]'', which emphasize rest and worship on the Lord's Day, but do not explicitly forbid recreational activities.<ref>[[Heidelberg Catechism]], Q & A 103.</ref>  However, in practice, many continental Reformed Christians also abstain from recreation on the Sabbath, following the admonition by the Heidelberg Catechism's author Zacharaias Ursinus that "To keep holy the Sabbath, is not to spend the day in slothfulness and idleness".<ref>{{cite book|last=Ursinus|first=Zacharias|author-link=Zacharias Ursinus|title=Commentary on the Heidelberg Catechism|year=1956|publisher=[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company|William B. Eerdmans]]|page=558|url=http://www.seeking4truth.com/ursinus/zuquestion103.htm|access-date=2015-03-27|archive-date=2017-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128072657/http://www.seeking4truth.com/ursinus/zuquestion103.htm}}</ref>

Though first-day Sabbatarian practice declined in the 18th century, the [[First Great Awakening]] in the 19th century led to a greater concern for strict Sunday observance. The founding of the [[Day One Christian Ministries]] in 1831 was influenced by the teaching of Daniel Wilson.<ref name=Bauckham4/>