Editing Russian Armed Forces (section)

===Military education===
[[File:Release of officers of the Air force Academy in Voronezh (2019-06-29) 18.jpg|thumb|Release of officers of the [[Zhukovsky – Gagarin Air Force Academy|Air Force Academy]] in Voronezh]]
[[File:KHMASoPMilitaryOath2018-11.jpg|thumb|Female students of the [[Krasnodar Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots]]]]
The Russian military education system, inherited from the [[Soviet Union]], trains officer-specialists in narrowly-defined military occupational specialties. In this it differs greatly from the [[United States|American]] military education system in which newly qualified second lieutenants receive particular specialties in the framework of their "career branch" only after graduation from a [[United States service academies|military academy]] or the [[Reserve Officers' Training Corps|ROTC]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Golts|first=Alexander|title=Военная реформа и российский милитаризм|language=ru|trans-title=Military reform and Russian militarism|date=2017|location=Uppsala|publisher=Kph Trycksaksbolaget AB|isbn=978-91-554-9936-5|url=http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1138525/FULLTEXT01.pdf|page=143|access-date=9 March 2022|archive-date=15 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315171313/http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1138525/FULLTEXT01.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Students of Russian civilian institutions of [[higher education]] wishing to join the [[Reserve Officer Training in Russia|reserve officer training program]] cannot choose a military occupational specialty, because each civilian specialty taught by civilian [[university]] is attached to a particular military occupational specialty taught by the [[Military training centers of civilian universities (Russia)|military training center]] of the same [[university]] by the [[Rector (academia)|rector]]'s order. It also differs from the [[United States|American]] military education system in which students can choose between available types of [[Reserve Officers' Training Corps|ROTC]].

The Russian military education system includes:
* [[Warrant officer schools of the Russian Armed Forces|Warrant officer schools]], which prepare career warrant officers for active duty service.
* [[Military commissioning schools in Russia|Higher military schools]], which prepare career commissioned officers for active duty service as platoon/company commanders and at equivalent positions (tactical level).
* [[Military training centers of civilian universities (Russia)|Military training centers]] within civilian institutions of [[higher education]], which prepare reserve commissioned officers who can serve as platoon/company commanders and at equivalent positions (tactical level).
* [[Military academies in Russia|Military academies]], which improve the military occupational specialty knowledge of commissioned officers to allow them to be appointed to battalion/regiment/brigade commander or equivalent positions (operational-tactical level).
* [[Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia]], which improves skills of officers graduated from military academies to allow them to become highest-ranking military officers (strategic level).
* [[Adjunctura in Russia|Adjunctura]] is a military analogue of civilian [[graduate school]], which allow commissioned officers to get academic degree of [[candidate of sciences]] in military oriented specialties and be appointed to a teaching positions in military academies, military schools, military training centers.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Age limits for admission to military educational institutions<ref name="Law53-FZ"/><ref name="Order185">{{cite act|type=Order|index=185|date=7 April 2015|legislature=[[Minister of Defence (Russia)|Minister of Defence of the Russian Federation]]|title=Об утверждении Порядка и условий приёма в образовательные организации высшего образования, находящиеся в ведении Министерства обороны Российской Федерации|language=ru|url=https://docs.cntd.ru/document/420269638}} {{Cite web |url=https://docs.cntd.ru/document/420269638 |title=Об утверждении Порядка и условий приема в образовательные организации высшего образования, находящиеся в ведении Министерства обороны Российской Федерации от 07 апреля 2015 - docs.CNTD.ru |access-date=26 April 2024 |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313224758/https://docs.cntd.ru/document/420269638 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center; width: 350px;" | Type of military educational institution
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; width: 300px;" | Persons who have not been on active duty service
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; width: 300px;" | Persons who are on conscript active duty service or are demobbed from this service
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; width: 300px;" | Persons who are on voluntary active duty service
|-
! style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | Lower age limit
! style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | Upper age limit
! style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | Lower age limit
! style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | Upper age limit
! style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | Lower age limit
! style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | Upper age limit
|-
| style="text-align: center; width: 350px;" | [[Military commissioning schools in Russia|Military school]]
| style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | 16
| style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | 22
| style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | 18
| style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | 24
| style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | 18
| style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | 27
|-
| style="text-align: center; width: 350px;" | [[Military training centers of civilian universities (Russia)|Military training center]] (active duty officer program)
| style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | 16
| style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | 24
| style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | —
| style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | —
| style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | —
| style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | —
|-
| style="text-align: center; width: 350px;" | [[Military training centers of civilian universities (Russia)|Military training center]] (reserve officer program)
| style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | 16
| style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | 30
| style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | —
| style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | —
| style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | —
| style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | —
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Russian military academies and adjunctura entry requirements<ref name="Order185"/><ref>{{cite act|type=Order|index=6|date=18 January 2016|legislature=[[Minister of Defence (Russia)|Minister of Defence of the Russian Federation]]|title=Об организации деятельности адъюнктуры военных образовательных организаций высшего образования, организаций дополнительного профессионального образования и научных организаций Министерства обороны Российской Федерации|language=ru|url=http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000497&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=102000365&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=18.01.2016&a8=6&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=49&y=15}} {{Cite web |url=http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000497&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=102000365&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=18.01.2016&a8=6&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=49&y=15 |title=Законодательство России. Поиск: Приказ Министр обороны Дата принятия 18.01.2016 Номер начина |access-date=26 April 2024 |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313224758/http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000497&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=102000365&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=18.01.2016&a8=6&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=49&y=15 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align: center; width: 450px;" | Type of military educational institution
! style="text-align: center; width: 250px;" | Reached educational level
! style="text-align: center; width: 250px;" | Years of active duty service as commissioned officer
! style="text-align: center; width: 250px;" | Military rank (no lower than)
! style="text-align: center; width: 250px;" | Military position<br />(years of experience)
! style="text-align: center; width: 250px;" | Expected number of years of active duty service after graduation until general upper age limit for tenure
|-
| style="text-align: center; width: 250px;" | [[Military academies in Russia|Military academy]]
| style="text-align: center; width: 250px;" | [[Military commissioning schools in Russia|Military school]] or [[Military training centers of civilian universities (Russia)|Military training center]]
| style="text-align: center; width: 250px;" | no less than 7 years
| style="text-align: center; width: 250px;" | [[Captain]]/[[Captain lieutenant]]
| style="text-align: center; width: 250px;" | [[Major (rank)|Major]]'s/[[Captain 3rd rank]]'s positions<br />(1 year at least)
| style="text-align: center; width: 250px;" | 5 years at least
|-
| style="text-align: center; width: 450px;" | [[Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia]]
| style="text-align: center; width: 250px;" | [[Military academies in Russia|Military academy]]
| style="text-align: center; width: 250px;" | —
| style="text-align: center; width: 250px;" | [[Major (rank)|Major]]/[[Captain 3rd rank]]
| style="text-align: center; width: 250px;" | [[Colonel]]'s/[[Captain 1st rank]]'s positions<br />(1 year at least)
| style="text-align: center; width: 250px;" | 5 years at least
|-
| style="text-align: center; width: 450px;" | [[Adjunctura in Russia|Adjunctura]]
| style="text-align: center; width: 250px;" | [[Military commissioning schools in Russia|Military school]] or [[Military training centers of civilian universities (Russia)|Military training center]]
| style="text-align: center; width: 250px;" | no less than 2 years
| style="text-align: center; width: 250px;" | [[Lieutenant]]
| style="text-align: center; width: 250px;" | —
| style="text-align: center; width: 250px;" | 5 years at least
|-
|}