Editing Romanian language (section)

==== Modern history of Romanian in Bessarabia ====
The first [[Romanian grammar]] was published in Vienna in 1780.<ref name="Elementa" /> Following the [[Treaty of Bucharest (1812)|annexation of Bessarabia by Russia]] in 1812, Moldavian was established as an official language in the governmental institutions of [[Bessarabia]], used along with Russian,<ref>{{in lang|ru}}''Charter for the organization of the Bessarabian Oblast'', 29 April 1818, in "Печатается по изданию: Полное собрание законов Российской империи. Собрание первое.", Vol 35. ''1818'', [[Sankt Petersburg]], 1830, pg. 222–227. Available online at [http://www.hrono.info/dokum/moldav1818.html hrono.info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924141759/http://www.hrono.info/dokum/moldav1818.html |date=24 September 2012 }}</ref>
The publishing works established by Archbishop [[Gavril Bănulescu-Bodoni]] were able to produce books and liturgical works in Moldavian between 1815 and 1820.<ref>{{Cite book |last=King |first=Charles |title=The Moldovans: Romania, Russia, and the Politics of Culture |date=2000 |publisher=Hoover Institution Press |isbn=08-1799-792-X |location=Stanford, CA |pages=21–22 |language=en}}</ref>

Bessarabia during the 1812–1918 era witnessed the gradual development of [[bilingualism]]. Russian continued to develop as the official language of privilege, whereas Romanian remained the principal vernacular.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}

The period from 1905 to 1917 was one of increasing linguistic conflict spurred by an increase in Romanian nationalism.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}} In 1905 and 1906, the Bessarabian {{lang|ru|[[zemstvo|zemstva]]}} asked for the re-introduction of Romanian in schools as a "compulsory language", and the "liberty to teach in the mother language (Romanian language)". At the same time, Romanian-language newspapers and journals began to appear, such as {{lang|ro|Basarabia}} (1906), {{lang|ro|Viața Basarabiei}} (1907), {{lang|ro|Moldovanul}} (1907), {{lang|ro|Luminătorul}} (1908), {{lang|ro|Cuvînt moldovenesc}} (1913), {{lang|ro|Glasul Basarabiei}} (1913). From 1913, the synod permitted that "the churches in [[Bessarabia]] use the Romanian language".<!--<ref name="lidia" />--> Romanian finally became the official language with the [[1923 Constitution of Romania|Constitution of 1923]].