Editing Psychedelic rock (section)

===1969–71: Decline===
{{See also|Progressive rock|Heavy metal music}}
[[File:Woodstock redmond stage.JPG|thumb|right|The stage at the [[Woodstock|Woodstock Festival]] in 1969]]
By the end of the 1960s, psychedelic rock was in retreat. Psychedelic trends climaxed in the 1969 [[Woodstock|Woodstock Festival]], which saw performances by most of the major psychedelic acts, including Jimi Hendrix, Jefferson Airplane and the Grateful Dead.<ref>A. Bennett, ''Remembering Woodstock'' (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004), {{ISBN|0-7546-0714-3}}.</ref> LSD had been made illegal in the United Kingdom in September 1966 and in California in October;{{sfn|Turner|2016|p=429}} by 1967, it was outlawed throughout the United States.{{sfn|DeRogatis|2003|p=62}} In 1969, the murders of [[Sharon Tate]] and [[Leno and Rosemary LaBianca]] by [[Charles Manson]] and his [[Manson Family|cult of followers]], claiming to have been [[Helter Skelter (Manson scenario)|inspired by The Beatles' songs]] such as "[[Helter Skelter (song)|Helter Skelter]]", has been seen as contributing to an anti-hippie backlash.<ref>D. A. Nielsen, ''Horrible Workers: Max Stirner, Arthur Rimbaud, Robert Johnson, and the Charles Manson Circle: Studies in Moral Experience and Cultural Expression'' (Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books, 2005), {{ISBN|0-7391-1200-7}}, p. 84.</ref> At the end of the same year, the [[Altamont Free Concert]] in California, headlined by the Rolling Stones, became notorious for the fatal stabbing of black teenager [[Killing of Meredith Hunter|Meredith Hunter]] by [[Hells Angels]] security guards.<ref>J. Wiener, ''Come Together: John Lennon in his Time'' (Chicago IL: University of Illinois Press, 1991), {{ISBN|0-252-06131-4}}, pp.&nbsp;124–126.</ref>

[[George Clinton (funk musician)|George Clinton]]'s ensembles [[Funkadelic]] and [[Parliament (band)|Parliament]] and their various spin-offs took psychedelia and funk to create their own unique style,<ref name="S. Harrington, 2002">J. S. Harrington, ''Sonic Cool: the Life & Death of Rock 'n' Roll'' (Milwaukie, Michigan: Hal Leonard Corporation, 2002), {{ISBN|0-634-02861-8}}, pp.&nbsp;249–250.</ref> producing over forty singles, including three in the US top ten, and three platinum albums.{{sfn|Bogdanov|Woodstra|Erlewine|2002|p=226}}

[[Brian Wilson]] of the Beach Boys,{{sfn|DeRogatis|2003|pp=33–39}} [[Brian Jones]] of the Rolling Stones, [[Peter Green (musician)|Peter Green]] and [[Danny Kirwan]] of [[Fleetwood Mac]], [[Skip Spence]] of [[Jefferson Airplane]] and [[Moby Grape]], and [[Syd Barrett]] of Pink Floyd suffered permanent brain damage from the use of hallucinogens, with their departures helping to shift the focus of the respective bands of which they had been leading figures.<ref>"Garage rock", ''Billboard'', 29 July 2006, 118 (30), p. 11.</ref> Some groups, such as the Beatles, the Jimi Hendrix Experience and Cream, broke up.<ref>D. Gomery, ''Media in America: the Wilson Quarterly Reader'' (Washington DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2nd edn., 1998), {{ISBN|0-943875-87-0}}, pp.&nbsp;181–182.</ref> Hendrix died in London in September 1970, shortly after recording ''[[Band of Gypsys]]'' (1970), Janis Joplin died of a heroin overdose in October 1970 and they were closely followed by [[Jim Morrison]] of [[the Doors]], who died in Paris in July 1971.<ref>S. Whiteley, ''Too Much Too Young: Popular Music, Age and Gender'' (London: Routledge, 2005), {{ISBN|0-415-31029-6}}, p. 147.</ref> By this point, many surviving acts had moved away from psychedelia into either more back-to-basics "[[roots rock]]", traditional-based, pastoral or whimsical folk, the wider experimentation of progressive rock, or riff-based heavy rock.{{sfn|Bogdanov|Woodstra|Erlewine|2002|p=1323}} 

Record executive [[Mike Curb]] was instrumental in having musicians who were promoting drug use dropped from or forced out of [[MGM Records]], where Curb was employed in 1970, replacing them with acts not known for drug use but were known for their conservative appeal, most prominently [[the Osmonds]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MGM Drops "Drug Groups" |url=https://calendar.songfacts.com/november/7/9592 |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=Music History Calendar}}</ref><ref name="cleanlooks">{{cite web|url=https://www.nashvillescene.com/nashville/can-mike-curb-be-as-clean-as-he-looks/content/?oid=1181622|title=Can Mike Curb Be as Clean as He Looks?|author=Beverly Keel|date=October 2, 1997|work=[[Nashville Scene]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404192940/https://www.nashvillescene.com/nashville/can-mike-curb-be-as-clean-as-he-looks/content/?oid=1181622|access-date=September 22, 2021|archive-date=April 4, 2012}}</ref><!----

In 1966, even while psychedelic rock was becoming dominant, Bob Dylan spearheaded the back-to-basics [[roots revival]] when he went to Nashville to record the album ''[[Blonde on Blonde]]''.<ref>R. Unterberger, S. Hicks and J. Dempsey, ''Music USA: the Rough Guide'' (London: Rough Guides, 1999), {{ISBN|1-85828-421-X}}, p. 31.</ref><ref name=Wolff2000/> This, and the subsequent more clearly country-influenced albums, ''[[John Wesley Harding (album)|John Wesley Harding]]'' (1967) and ''[[Nashville Skyline]]'' (1969), have been seen as creating the genre of [[country folk]].<ref name=Wolff2000>K. Wolff and O. Duane, ''Country Music: The Rough Guide'' (London: Rough Guides, 2000), {{ISBN|1-85828-534-8}}, p. 392.</ref> Dylan's lead was also followed by [[The Byrds]], joined by [[Gram Parsons]] to record ''[[Sweetheart of the Rodeo]]'' (1968), helping to define country rock,{{sfn|Bogdanov|Woodstra|Erlewine|2002|p=1327}} which became a particularly popular style in the California music scene of the late 1960s, and was adopted by former folk rock artists including Hearts and Flowers, [[Poco]] and [[New Riders of the Purple Sage]].{{sfn|Bogdanov|Woodstra|Erlewine|2002|p=1327}} Other acts that followed the back to basics trend in different ways were the Canadian group [[The Band]] and the Californian-based [[Creedence Clearwater Revival]].{{sfn|Bogdanov|Woodstra|Erlewine|2002|pp=61, 265}}. The Grateful Dead also had major successes with the more reflective and stripped back ''[[Workingman's Dead]]'' and ''[[American Beauty (album)|American Beauty]]'' in 1970.<ref>B. Jackson, ''Garcia: An American Life'' (London: Penguin, 2000), {{ISBN|0-14-029199-7}}, pp.&nbsp;196–200.</ref> The super-group [[Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young|Crosby, Stills and Nash]], formed in 1968 from members of The Byrds, Buffalo Springfield and [[The Hollies]], were joined by [[Neil Young]] for ''[[Déjà Vu (Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young album)|Deja Vu]]'' in 1970, which moved away from many of what had become the "clichés" of psychedelic rock and placed an emphasis on political commentary and vocal harmonies.<ref>F. W. Hoffmann, ''Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound, Volume 1'' (London: CRC Press, 2nd edn., 2005), {{ISBN|0-415-93835-X}}, p. 253.</ref>

After the death of their manager [[Brian Epstein]] and the unpopular surreal television film ''[[Magical Mystery Tour (film)|Magical Mystery Tour]]'', the Beatles returned to a raw style with ''[[The Beatles (album)|The Beatles]]'' (1968), ''[[Abbey Road]]'' (1969) and ''[[Let It Be (The Beatles album)|Let It Be]]'' (1970), before their eventual break-up.{{sfn|Bogdanov|Woodstra|Erlewine|2002|pp=1322–1323}} The back-to-basics trend was also evident in The Rolling Stones' albums starting from ''[[Beggar's Banquet]]'' (1968) to ''[[Exile on Main St.]]'' (1972).{{sfn|Bogdanov|Woodstra|Erlewine|2002|pp=1322–1323}} [[Fairport Convention]] released ''[[Liege and Lief]]'' in 1969, turning away from American-influenced folk rock toward a sound based on traditional British music and founding the subgenre of [[electric folk]], to be followed by bands like [[Steeleye Span]] and [[Fotheringay]].<ref name="Sweers2005pp45-9">B. Sweers, ''Electric Folk: The Changing Face of English Traditional Music'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), {{ISBN|0-19-515878-4}}, pp.&nbsp;45–49.</ref> The psychedelic-influenced and whimsical strand of British folk continued into the 1970s with acts including [[Comus (band)|Comus]], [[Mellow Candle]], Nick Drake, The Incredible String Band, [[Forest (band)|Forest]] and [[Trees (folk band)|Trees]] and with Syd Barrett's two solo albums.{{sfn|DeRogatis|2003|p=120}}{{clear}} --->