Editing Prosthesis (section)

===Upper extremity modern history===
[[File:DARPA 2006b RP 619x316.jpg|thumb|DARPA Revolutionizing Prosthetics - The LUKE Arm]]
In 2005, [[DARPA]] started the Revolutionizing Prosthetics program.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Matthew S. |last1=Johannes |first2=John D. |last2=Bigelow |first3=James M. |last3=Burck |first4=Stuart D. |last4=Harshbarger |first5=Matthew V. |last5=Kozlowski |first6=Thomas |last6=Van Doren |url=http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/TD/td3003/30_3-Johannes.pdf |title=An Overview of the Developmental Process for the Modular Prosthetic Limb |journal=Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest |volume=30 |issue=3 |year=2011 |pages=207–16 |access-date=2017-10-05 |archive-date=2017-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919024845/http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/TD/td3003/30_3-Johannes.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Adee |first1=Sally |title=The revolution will be prosthetized |journal=IEEE Spectrum |date=January 2009 |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=44–8 |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/winner-the-revolution-will-be-prosthetized |doi=10.1109/MSPEC.2009.4734314 |s2cid=34235585 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first1=James M. |last1=Burck |first2=John D. |last2=Bigelow |first3=Stuart D. |last3=Harshbarger |title=Revolutionizing Prosthetics: Systems Engineering Challenges and Opportunities |journal=Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest |volume=30 |issue=3 |year=2011 |pages=186–97 |citeseerx=10.1.1.685.6772}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bogue |first1=Robert |title=Exoskeletons and robotic prosthetics: a review of recent developments |journal=Industrial Robot |date=21 August 2009 |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=421–427 |doi=10.1108/01439910910980141 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Miranda |first1=Robbin A. |last2=Casebeer |first2=William D. |last3=Hein |first3=Amy M. |last4=Judy |first4=Jack W. |last5=Krotkov |first5=Eric P. |last6=Laabs |first6=Tracy L. |last7=Manzo |first7=Justin E. |last8=Pankratz |first8=Kent G. |last9=Pratt |first9=Gill A. |last10=Sanchez |first10=Justin C. |last11=Weber |first11=Douglas J. |last12=Wheeler |first12=Tracey L. |last13=Ling |first13=Geoffrey S.F. |title=DARPA-funded efforts in the development of novel brain–computer interface technologies |journal=Journal of Neuroscience Methods |date=April 2015 |volume=244 |pages=52–67 |doi=10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.07.019 |pmid=25107852 |s2cid=14678623 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Pentagon's Bionic Arm |date=10 April 2009 |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-pentagons-bionic-arm/ |publisher=CBS News |access-date=9 May 2015 }}</ref> According to DARPA, the goal of the $100 million program was to "develop an advanced electromechanical prosthetic upper limb with near-natural control that would dramatically enhance independence and quality of life for amputees."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revolutionizing Prosthetics |url=https://www.darpa.mil/about-us/timeline/revolutionizing-prosthetics |access-date=June 4, 2024 |website=darpa.mil}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Dean Kamen's "Luke Arm" Prosthesis Receives FDA Approval - IEEE Spectrum |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/dean-kamen-luke-arm-prosthesis-receives-fda-approval |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=[[IEEE]] |language=en}}</ref>  In 2014, the LUKE Arm developed by [[Dean Kamen]] and his team at [[DEKA (company)|DEKA Research and Development Corp.]] became the first prosthetic arm approved by [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]] that "translates signals from a person's muscles to perform complex tasks," according to FDA.<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Winner: The Revolution Will Be Prosthetized - IEEE Spectrum |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/winner-the-revolution-will-be-prosthetized |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=[[IEEE]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Johns Hopkins University]] and the [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs|U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs]] also participated in the program.<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The LUKE/DEKA advanced prosthetic arm |url=https://www.research.va.gov/research_in_action/The-LUKE-DEKA-advanced-prosthetic-arm.cfm |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=www.research.va.gov}}</ref>