Editing Printmaking (section)

=== Lithography ===
<div style="width:35%; float: right; margin: 10px; padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #8888aa;">Artists using this technique include
[[Honoré Daumier]],
[[Vincent van Gogh]],
[[George Bellows]],
[[Pierre Bonnard]],
[[Edvard Munch]],
[[Emil Nolde]],
[[Pablo Picasso]],
[[Odilon Redon]],
[[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]],
[[Salvador Dalí]],
[[M. C. Escher]],
[[Willem de Kooning]],
[[Joan Miró]],
[[Stow Wengenroth]],
[[Elaine de Kooning]],
[[Louise Nevelson]]
</div>
{{main|Lithography}}
[[File:Toulouse-Lautrec - Moulin Rouge - La Goulue.jpg|thumb|upright|left|''[[La Goulue]]'', Lithograph poster by [[Toulouse-Lautrec]] (1891)]]
[[Lithography]] is a technique invented in 1798 by [[Alois Senefelder]] and based on the [[Cohesion (chemistry)|chemical repulsion]] of [[oil]] and [[water]].
A porous surface, normally [[limestone]], is used; the image is drawn on the limestone with a greasy medium.
Acid is applied, transferring the grease-protected design to the limestone, leaving the image 'burned' into the surface. [[Gum arabic]], a water-soluble substance, is then applied, sealing the surface of the stone not covered with the drawing medium.
The stone is wetted, with water staying only on the surface not covered in grease-based residue of the drawing; the stone is then 'rolled up', meaning oil ink is applied with a roller covering the entire surface; since water repels the oil in the ink, the ink adheres only to the greasy parts, perfectly inking the image.
A sheet of dry paper is placed on the surface, and the image is transferred to the paper by the pressure of the printing press. Lithography is known for its ability to capture fine gradations in shading and very small detail.

==== Variations of Lithography ====
[[File:Rachael Robinson Elmer, Woolworth Building June Night, 1916, NGA 147751.jpg|alt=A gradient lithograph print of the Woolworth Building in New York in blue tones|thumb|upright|Rachel Robinson Elmer, [[halftone]] [[Offset printing|offset lithograph]], [[Woolworth Building]] June Night, 1916, [[National Gallery of Art|The National Gallery of Art]], Washington, D.C. ]]
[[Photo-lithography]] captures an image by photographic processes on metal plates; printing is more or less carried out in the same way as stone lithography.

[[Halftone]] lithography produces an image that illustrates a gradient-like quality.

[[Mokulito]] is a form of lithography on wood instead of limestone. It was invented by Seishi Ozaku in the 1970s in Japan and was originally called Mokurito.<ref>{{Cite web|title=mokulito - Danielle Creenaune|url=https://daniellecreenaune.com/mokulito|access-date=2021-07-24|website=daniellecreenaune.com}}</ref>

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