Editing Princeton University (section)

===Buildings===
====Nassau Hall====
[[File:Cannon Green and Nassau Hall, Princeton University.jpg|thumb|[[Nassau Hall]], the university's oldest building and former capitol of the United States. Pictured in front is Cannon Green.|alt=A picture of Nassau Hall, the university's oldest building]]
Nassau Hall is the oldest building on campus. Begun in 1754 and completed in 1756,{{Sfn|Leitch|1978|p=328–329}} it was the first seat of the [[New Jersey Legislature]] in 1776,<ref>{{cite news|url = http://dailyprincetonian.com/multimedia/2003/07/nassau-hall-national-history-center-of-campus/|title = Nassau Hall: National history, center of campus|date = July 14, 2003|first = Ryan|last = Bradner|newspaper = [[Dly. Princetonian|The Daily Princetonian]]|access-date = October 16, 2015|at = In the beginning|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222152929/http://dailyprincetonian.com/multimedia/2003/07/nassau-hall-national-history-center-of-campus/|archive-date = December 22, 2015|df = mdy-all}}</ref> was involved in the Battle of Princeton in 1777,{{Sfn|Leitch|1978|p=330}} and was the seat of the [[Congress of the Confederation]] (and thus capitol of the United States) from June 30, 1783, to November 4, 1783.<ref>{{cite web|title=Buildings of the Department of State: Nassau Hall, Princeton, NJ|url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/buildings/section8|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603014405/https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/buildings/section8|archive-date=June 3, 2021|access-date=June 3, 2011|publisher=[[United States Department of State]]}}</ref> Since 1911, the front entrance has been flanked by two bronze tigers, a gift of the Princeton Class of 1879, which replaced two lions previously given in 1889.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pair of tigers|url=https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/campus-art/objects/86951|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420013046/https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/campus-art/objects/86951|archive-date=April 20, 2021|access-date=July 8, 2021|website=Campus Art Princeton|publisher=Princeton University}}</ref> Starting in 1922, commencement has been held on the front lawn of Nassau Hall when there is good weather.<ref>{{cite web|title=Commencement|url=https://president.princeton.edu/vice-president-and-secretary/commencement|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401142459/https://president.princeton.edu/vice-president-and-secretary/commencement|archive-date=April 1, 2021|access-date=June 18, 2021|website=Office of the President|publisher=Princeton University}}</ref> In 1966, Nassau Hall was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref>{{cite web|title=National Register of Historical Places – NEW JERSEY (NJ), Mercer County|url=http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/nj/Mercer/state2.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806141627/http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/nj/Mercer/state2.html|archive-date=August 6, 2020|access-date=June 3, 2011|publisher=[[National Register of Historic Places]]}}</ref> Nowadays, it houses the office of the university president and other administrative offices.<ref>{{cite web|title=About The Office|url=https://president.princeton.edu/about-office|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627190255/https://president.princeton.edu/about-office|archive-date=June 27, 2021|access-date=July 29, 2021|website=Office of the President|publisher=Princeton University}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nassau Hall|url=https://princetoniana.princeton.edu/campus/nassau-hall|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318172900/https://princetoniana.princeton.edu/campus/nassau-hall|archive-date=March 18, 2021|access-date=August 6, 2021|website=Princetoniana|publisher=Princeton University}}</ref>

To the south of Nassau Hall lies a courtyard that is known as Cannon Green.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cannons|url=https://princetoniana.princeton.edu/campus/landmarks/cannons|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121212507/https://princetoniana.princeton.edu/campus/landmarks/cannons|archive-date=January 21, 2021|access-date=July 21, 2021|website=Princetoniana|publisher=Princeton University}}</ref> Buried in the ground at the center is the "Big Cannon", which was left in Princeton by British troops as they fled following the Battle of Princeton. It remained in Princeton until the [[War of 1812]], when it was taken to [[New Brunswick, New Jersey|New Brunswick]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Hageman|first=John Frelinghuysen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uYwMAAAAYAAJ|title=History of Princeton and Its Institutions|publisher=J. B. Lippincott & Co.|year=1879|edition=2nd|volume=1|location=Philadelphia|page=139|isbn=9780598745637|oclc=3175821|access-date=March 19, 2023|archive-date=May 31, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531225248/https://books.google.com/books?id=uYwMAAAAYAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1836, the cannon was returned to Princeton and placed at the eastern end of town. Two years later, it was moved to the campus under cover of night by Princeton students, and in 1840, it was buried in its current location.<ref name="Hageman-1879">{{cite book|last=Hageman|first=John Frelinghuysen|url=https://archive.org/details/historyprinceto01hagegoog|title=History of Princeton and Its Institutions|publisher=J. B. Lippincott & Co.|year=1879|edition=2nd|volume=2|location=Philadelphia|pages=317–319|oclc=3175821}}</ref> A second "Little Cannon" is buried in the lawn in front of nearby Whig Hall. The cannon, which may also have been captured in the Battle of Princeton, was stolen by students of [[Rutgers University]] in 1875. The theft ignited the [[Rutgers-Princeton Cannon War]]. A compromise between the presidents of Princeton and Rutgers ended the war and forced the return of the Little Cannon to Princeton.<ref name="Hageman-1879" /> The protruding cannons are occasionally painted scarlet by Rutgers students who continue the traditional dispute.<ref>{{cite news|last=Carroll|first=Kate|date=October 5, 2006|title=Vandals spraypaint campus Rutgers red|newspaper=[[The Daily Princetonian]]|url=http://dailyprincetonian.com/news/2006/10/vandals-spraypaint-campus-rutgers-red/|url-status=dead|access-date=October 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222133002/http://dailyprincetonian.com/news/2006/10/vandals-spraypaint-campus-rutgers-red/|archive-date=December 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Stamato|first=Linda|date=September 11, 2012|title=Rutgers and Princeton: Tradition, rivalry and the cannon wars|work=[[NJ.com]]|url=https://www.nj.com/njv_linda_stamato/2012/09/rutgers_and_princeton_traditio.html|access-date=June 19, 2021|archive-date=June 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203122/https://www.nj.com/njv_linda_stamato/2012/09/rutgers_and_princeton_traditio.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Art Museum====
[[File:Art Museum Princeton.JPG|thumb|The [[Princeton University Art Museum]], which holds over 112,000 objects|left|alt=A picture of Princeton University Art Museum]]

Though art collection at the university dates back to its very founding, the [[Princeton University Art Museum]] was not officially established until 1882 by President McCosh. Its establishment arose from a desire to provide direct access to works of art in a museum for a curriculum in the arts, an education system familiar to many European universities at the time. The museum took on the purposes of providing "exposure to original works of art and to teach the history of art through an encyclopedic collection of world art."<ref>{{cite web|title=History|url=https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/about/history|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428075435/https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/about/history|archive-date=April 28, 2021|access-date=July 8, 2021|website=Princeton University Art Museum|publisher=Princeton University}}</ref>

Numbering over 112,000 objects, the collections range from ancient to contemporary art and come from Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas.<ref>{{cite web|title=Accessing the Collections|url=https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/learn/teach/accessing-collections|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506082747/https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/learn/teach/accessing-collections|archive-date=May 6, 2021|access-date=July 8, 2021|website=Princeton University Art Museum|publisher=Princeton University}}</ref> The museum's art is divided into ten extensive curatorial areas.<ref>{{cite web|title=Curatorial Areas|url=https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/curatorial-areas|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506124834/https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/curatorial-areas|archive-date=May 6, 2021|access-date=July 8, 2021|website=Princeton University Art Museum|publisher=Princeton University}}</ref> There is a collection of Greek and Roman [[Artifact (archaeology)|antiquities]], including ceramics, marbles, bronzes, and Roman mosaics from faculty excavations in [[Antioch]], as well as other art from the ancient Egyptian, [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantium]], and Islamic worlds.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ancient, Byzantine, and Islamic Art|url=https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/1972|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506011117/https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/1972|archive-date=May 6, 2021|access-date=July 8, 2021|website=Princeton University Art Museum|publisher=Princeton University}}</ref> The non-Islamic coins were catalogued by [[Dorothy B. Waage]].<ref name="Jenkins-1954">{{Cite journal |last=Jenkins |first=G. K. |date=1954 |title=Antioch-on-the-Orontes, IV, part 2: Greek, Roman, Byzantine and Crusaders' Coins. By Dorothy B. Waage. Princeton: University Press, 1952 (London: Oxford University Press). Pp. xii + 187, 8 pll. £8 2s. 6d. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-hellenic-studies/article/abs/antiochontheorontes-iv-part-2-greek-roman-byzantine-and-crusaders-coins-by-dorothy-b-waage-princeton-university-press-1952-london-oxford-univeristy-press-pp-xii-187-8-pll-8-2s-6d/19A0B8A9BD7B113CE03339934C860B13 |journal=The Journal of Hellenic Studies |language=en |volume=74 |pages=233 |doi=10.2307/627648 |jstor=627648 |s2cid=164052522 |issn=2041-4099 |access-date=November 22, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122163639/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-hellenic-studies/article/abs/antiochontheorontes-iv-part-2-greek-roman-byzantine-and-crusaders-coins-by-dorothy-b-waage-princeton-university-press-1952-london-oxford-univeristy-press-pp-xii-187-8-pll-8-2s-6d/19A0B8A9BD7B113CE03339934C860B13 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Medieval]] Europe is represented by sculpture, metalwork, and stained glass. The collection of Western European paintings includes examples from the early [[Renaissance]] through the 19th century, with pieces by [[Claude Monet|Monet]], [[Paul Cézanne|Cézanne]], and [[Vincent van Gogh|Van Gogh]],<ref>{{cite web|title=European Art|url=https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/599|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506113615/https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/599|archive-date=May 6, 2021|access-date=June 19, 2021|website=[[Princeton University Art Museum]]}}</ref> and features a growing collection of 20th-century and contemporary art, including paintings such as [[Andy Warhol]]'s Blue Marilyn.<ref>{{cite web|title=Modern and Contemporary Art|url=https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/2712|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512194419/https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/2712|archive-date=May 12, 2021|access-date=June 19, 2021|website=[[Princeton University Art Museum]]}}</ref>

The museum features a collection of Chinese and Japanese art, with holdings in bronzes, tomb figurines, painting, and [[calligraphy]], as well as collections of Korean, Southeast, and Central Asian art.<ref>{{cite web|title=Asian Art|url=https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/597|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506133736/https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/597|archive-date=May 6, 2021|access-date=July 8, 2021|website=Princeton University Art Museum|publisher=Princeton University}}</ref> Its collection of [[pre-Columbian]] art includes examples of [[Maya civilization|Mayan]] and [[Olmecs|Olmec]] art, and its indigenous art ranges from Chile to Alaska to Greenland.<ref>{{cite web|title=Art of the Ancient Americas|url=https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/604|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508213333/https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/604|archive-date=May 8, 2021|access-date=July 8, 2021|website=Princeton University Art Museum|publisher=Princeton University}}</ref> The museum has collections of [[old master print]]s and drawings,<ref>{{cite web|title=Prints and Drawings|url=https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/601|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508213335/https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/601|archive-date=May 8, 2021|access-date=July 8, 2021|website=Princeton University Art Museum|publisher=Princeton University}}</ref> and it has a comprehensive collection of over 20,000 photographs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Photography|url=https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/600|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506014649/https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/600|archive-date=May 6, 2021|access-date=July 8, 2021|website=Princeton University Art Museum|publisher=Princeton University}}</ref> Approximately 750 works of [[African art]] are represented.<ref>{{cite web|title=African and Oceanic Art|url=https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/150860|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506121257/https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/150860|archive-date=May 6, 2021|access-date=July 8, 2021|website=Princeton University Art Museum|publisher=Princeton University}}</ref> The Museum oversees the outside [[Putnam Collection of Sculpture, Princeton University|John B. Putnam Jr., Memorial Collection of Sculpture]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Campus Collections|url=https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/1416|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506124838/https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/1416|archive-date=May 6, 2021|access-date=July 8, 2021|website=Princeton University Art Museum|publisher=Princeton University}}</ref>

====University Chapel====
[[File:Pu-chapel-front.jpg|thumb|Finished in 1928, the [[Princeton University Chapel]] seats 2,000 people.|alt=A picture of the Princeton University Chapel]]
The [[Princeton University Chapel]] is located on the north side of campus near Nassau Street. It was built between 1924 and 1928 at a cost of $2.3 million,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://etcweb.princeton.edu/Campus/text_univchapel.html |first=Sara |last=Bush |title=The University Chapel |publisher=Princeton University |access-date=June 6, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314021940/http://etcweb.princeton.edu/Campus/text_univchapel.html |archive-date=March 14, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> approximately ${{inflation|US|2.3|1928|r=1}} million adjusted for inflation in 2020. Ralph Adams Cram, the university's supervising architect, designed the chapel, which he viewed as the crown jewel for the Collegiate Gothic motif he had championed for the campus.<ref name = milliner-pip /> At the time of its construction, it was the second largest university chapel in the world, after [[King's College Chapel, Cambridge]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=June 11, 1928|title=Religion: Princeton's Chapel|url=https://time.com/vault/issue/1928-06-11/page/32/|magazine=[[Time Magazine|Time]]|volume=XI|issue=24|page=30|issn=0040-781X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706043418/https://time.com/vault/issue/1928-06-11/page/32/|archive-date=July 6, 2021|access-date=July 6, 2021}}</ref> It underwent a two-year, $10 million restoration campaign between 2000 and 2002.<ref>{{cite news|last=Greenwood|first=Kathryn Federici|date=March 13, 2002|title=Features: Chapel gets facelift and a new dean|magazine=[[Princeton Alumni Weekly]]|url=https://www.princeton.edu/paw/archive_new/PAW01-02/11-0313/features1.html|url-status=dead|access-date=March 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304215635/http://www.princeton.edu/paw/archive_new/PAW01-02/11-0313/features1.html|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref> The Chapel seats around 2,000 and serves as a site for religious services and local celebrations.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chapel|url=https://m.princeton.edu/default/map/detail?feed=campus_map&parentId=campus_map%2FBuilding&filter=Chapel&id=_0051|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628180422/https://m.princeton.edu/default/map/detail?feed=campus_map&parentId=campus_map%2FBuilding&filter=Chapel&id=_0051|archive-date=June 28, 2021|access-date=June 19, 2021|website=Princeton Mobile|publisher=Princeton University|language=en}}</ref>

Measured on the exterior, the chapel is {{convert|277|ft|m|0}} long, {{convert|76|ft|m|0}} wide at its [[transepts]], and {{convert|121|ft|m|0}} high.<ref name="Stillwell-1971">{{cite book|last=Stillwell|first=Richard|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvxcrz68.7|title=The Chapel of Princeton University|chapter=The Present Chapel and ITS Predecessors|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|year=1971|location=Princeton, NJ|pages=7–11|doi=10.2307/j.ctvxcrz68.7|jstor=j.ctvxcrz68.7|isbn=9780691195209|s2cid=240950675|oclc=472188116}}</ref> The exterior is [[Pennsylvania]] [[sandstone]], trimmed with [[Indiana]] [[limestone]], and the interior is made of limestone and [[Aquia Creek sandstone]].<ref name="Stillwell-1971" /> The design evokes characteristics of an [[Architecture of the medieval cathedrals of England|English church of the Middle Ages]].<ref name="Stillwell-1971" /> The extensive iconography, in stained glass, stonework, and wood carvings, has the common theme of connecting religion and scholarship.<ref name="milliner-pip">{{Cite journal|last=Milliner|first=Matthew J.|date=Spring 2009|title=''Primus inter pares'': Albert C. Friend and the Argument of the Princeton University Chapel|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.25290/prinunivlibrchro.70.3.0471|journal=The Princeton University Library Chronicle|volume=70|issue=3|pages=471–517|doi=10.25290/prinunivlibrchro.70.3.0471|jstor=10.25290/prinunivlibrchro.70.3.0471|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-date=August 13, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813054834/https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.25290/prinunivlibrchro.70.3.0471|url-status=live}}</ref>