Editing Portuguese Armed Forces (section)

==History==
{{Main|Military history of Portugal}}

===Background===
[[File:Assault-on-Asilah.JPG|thumb|300px|Portuguese naval and land forces in the [[Conquest of Asilah]], 15th century]]
The history of the Portuguese military itself begins in the 12th century with the creation of the [[Kingdom of Portugal]]. Since the early beginning, the Kingdom had naval and ground forces. The Portuguese Navy exists as a permanent force since 1317, however non-permanent naval forces existed already before, with their first known naval engagement occurring in 1180. The Portuguese ground forces were established as a [[standing army]] in 1570, however they had existed since the 12th century, as the non-permanent [[hueste|''hoste'']]. The Navy and the Army would remain independent from each other for hundreds of years.

By the early 20th century, some joint military and national defense bodies had been created but these had mostly mere political coordination responsibilities. The administration of the several forces of the military remained in charge of separate [[Ministry (government department)|government departments]], respectively the [[Navy Ministry (Portugal)|Navy Ministry]] for the Navy (''Marinha''), the [[War Ministry (Portugal)|War Ministry]] for the Metropolitan Army (''Exército Metropolitano'') and the [[Overseas Ministry (Portugal)|Colonies Ministry]] for the Colonial Military Forces (''Forças Militares Coloniais''). Operationally, the service branches were also completely independent from each other, with totally separated chains of command.

During the 1930s, plans were laid to merge all of the previously mentioned ministries under a single defense ministry. However, the service branches lobbies for the maintenance of their autonomy – represented by their separate government departments – politically opposed and were able to block this reorganization for the next couple of decades.

Nevertheless, the need to defend the [[Portuguese Empire|Overseas Empire]] against possible foreign aggression during [[World War II]], did lead to a significant step being taken during this period for an increased integration of the several military services, when the Colonial Military Forces were placed under the dependency of the War Ministry, which then became in charge of all Portuguese ground forces (metropolitan and colonial).

===Establishment of the unified Armed Forces===
Lessons learned from World War II, the start of the [[Cold War]] and the creation of [[NATO]] (which Portugal integrated as a founding member<ref>{{cite web|title=MILESTONES: 1945–1952|url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/nato|website=history.state.gov|publisher=United States Department of State|access-date=6 January 2015}}</ref>) partially ended the objections for the creation of a joint command for the military forces. In 1950, the roles of Minister of National Defense and of [[General Staff of the Armed Forces of Portugal#The Chief of the General Staff|Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces]] (CEMGFA) are created.<ref>{{cite web|title=Historial – O pós guerra|url=http://www.exercito.pt/EP/Paginas/historial/22.aspx|website=exercito.pt|publisher=Exército Português|access-date=6 January 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107141450/http://www.exercito.pt/EP/Paginas/historial/22.aspx|archive-date=7 January 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> To the CEMGFA were given almost all the responsibilities until then assigned to the majors-generals of the Navy and of the Army (service branches military commanders), whose roles were at the same time extinct.<ref>{{cite web|title=Decreto-lei 37909|url=https://dre.pt/application/file/481065|access-date=13 April 2016}}</ref> This can be considered the beginning of the existence of the Portuguese Armed Forces as an unified organization.
[[File:Fap-instrucao-pilotos-north-american-t-6-texan.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Training of pilots of the Portuguese Armed Forces in the early 1960s, in [[North American T-6 Texan|T-6 aircraft]]]]
However, opposition from both of the then existing military branches prevented the formation of a single ministry for the military. The political solution for this was to keep the existing Navy and Army ministries and to create the role of Minister of National Defense but without its own ministry, instead integrating the [[Cabinet of Portugal|Government's Presidency Office]]. The Minister of National Defense directed an [[umbrella organization]], named the National Defense Department which included the CEMGFA, the General Secretariat of National Defense (SGDN, ''Secretariado-Geral da Defesa Nacional'') and the Under-Secretariat of State of the Aeronautics (''Subsecretariado de Estado da Aeronáutica''). As the Navy and Army ministers continued to exist and to administer their own branches, the Minister of Defense had merely coordinating roles regarding the Navy and the Army. The SGDN served as the Defense staff support organization, being headed by the CEMGFA. It was foreseen to be remodeled in order to be transformed in the general staff and joint management body of the Armed Forces, but this transformation would only occur in 1974, when the SGDN became the General Staff of the Armed Forces (EMGFA).

Despite all the challenges, the operational integration of the Armed Forces rapidly progressed in the 1950s. As part of this integration, the role of [[commander-in-chief]] was established in each of the Overseas territories, as a permanent unified commander of the local forces of the three branches. Mainly during the Overseas War, these commanders-in-chief would assume increasing responsibilities, until achieving full operational command of all forces assigned to their [[Theater (warfare)|theater of operations]], leaving the territorial service branch leadership with mere logistical responsibilities.
 
The Military Aeronautics (Army aviation branch) – which already had a high degree of autonomy since 1937 – becomes an entirely separate branch of service of the Armed Forces in 1952, at the same time starting to control the [[Portuguese Naval Aviation]] (Navy aviation service). This third branch of the Armed Forces would soon become officially designated "Portuguese Air Force" (''Força Aérea Portuguesa''), with the fully integration of the previous Naval Aviation becoming complete in 1958. Unlike the other services which had their own separate ministries, the Air Force was under the fully dependency of the Minister of National Defense via the Under-Secretariat of State of the Aeronautics. In 1961, the status of this department would be upgraded, it becoming the Secretariat of State of the Aeronautics.

In 1953, the [[National Republican Guard (Portugal)|National Republican Guard]] ceased policing the military, with the establishment of the [[Army Police (Portugal)|Military Police]] by the Army.<ref>{{cite web|title=Regimento de Lanceiros Nº2 – Historial|url=http://www.exercito.pt/sites/RL2/Historial/Paginas/default.aspx|website=exercito.pt|publisher=Exército Português|access-date=26 February 2015}}</ref> Later, the other service branches would create their respective [[military police]] type forces: the [[Polícia Aérea|Air Police]] for the Air Force and the Naval Police for the Navy.

===Overseas conflicts===
{{Main|1961 Indian annexation of Goa|Portuguese Colonial War}}
[[File:AssaltonaMatadaSanga.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Portuguese paratroopers jump from an [[Alouette III]] helicopter in an air-mobile assault in Angola, in the early stages of the Overseas Wars]]
Between 1961 and 1974, the Portuguese Armed Forces would be engaged against emerging nationalist movements in several of the [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese African provinces]]. These set of conflicts are collectively referred as the [[Portuguese Colonial War|Overseas War]] in Portugal. In the scope of the Cold War, it was a decisive ideological struggle and armed conflict in African (Portuguese Africa and surrounding nations) and Portuguese European mainland scenarios. Unlike other European nations, the [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Portuguese regime]] did not leave its African overseas provinces during the 1950s and 1960s.<ref>{{cite web|title=PORTUGAL E OS VENTOS DA HISTÓRIA|url=http://www.guerracolonial.org/index.php?content=126|website=guerracolonial.org|publisher=Guerra Colonial :: 1961 – 1974|access-date=11 January 2015}}</ref> Several armed independence movements, most prominently led by [[communist parties]] who cooperated under the [[CONCP]] umbrella and pro US groups became active in these areas (especially in [[Portuguese Angola|Angola]], [[Portuguese Mozambique|Mozambique]] and [[Portuguese Guinea]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=MAPA DA GUERRA|url=http://www.guerracolonial.org/index.php?content=134|website=guerracolonial.org|publisher=Guerra Colonial :: 1961 – 1974|access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref>

The Portuguese Armed Forces were able to maintain a large [[military campaign]] for 13 years, in these three different theaters of operations, thousands of kilometers apart from each other and from the European mainland. This was achieved with almost no external support, in contrast with the nationalist movements which were backed by communist countries and even by some western ones. The Army suffered the majority of the casualties with 8290 soldiers killed in action while the Air Force lost 346 airmen and the Navy lost 195 sailors.

During the conflict, in each [[Theater (warfare)|theater of operations]], the operational command of the forces of the navy, army and air force was successively transferred from each territorial service branch command to joint commands, led by the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces in that specific theater. Thus the three branches of the military were able to achieve a high level of operational integration, allowing for an effective cooperation between them, the optimization of their scarce assets and the ability to fight as a single cohesive force. The [[military logistics|logistics]] side however was not able to reach such high levels of integration, mainly because each service branch continued to be administered by its own government department with its own [[supply chain]] and different standards.

Due to the nature of the conflict, [[commando]]-type forces achieved great importance. With the war's evolution, these assumed almost all of the mobile and offensive operations, with the more conventional forces remaining responsible mainly for the defensive assignments. By 1961, each service branch had created its own [[light infantry]] force oriented for asymmetric warfare. The Air Force created the [[Parachute Troops School|Parachute Rifles]] (''Caçadores Páraquedistas'') in 1956,<ref>{{cite web|title=PÁRA-QUEDISTAS|url=http://www.guerracolonial.org/index.php?content=320|website=guerracolonial.org|publisher=Guerra Colonial :: 1961 – 1974|access-date=11 January 2015}}</ref> the Army first raised the [[Special Operations Troops Centre|Special Rifles]] (''Caçadores Especiais'') in 1960<ref>{{cite web|title=CAÇADORES|url=http://www.guerracolonial.org/index.php?content=152|website=guerracolonial.org|publisher=Guerra Colonial :: 1961 – 1974|access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref> which were later replaced by the [[Portuguese Army Commandos|Commandos]] (''Comandos'')<ref>{{cite web|title=COMANDOS|url=http://www.guerracolonial.org/index.php?content=153|website=guerracolonial.org|publisher=Guerra Colonial :: 1961 – 1974|access-date=11 January 2015}}</ref> in 1962 and the Navy deployed the [[Portuguese Marine Corps|Marines]] (''Fuzileiros''), a force reactivated in 1961.<ref>{{cite web|title=FUZILEIROS|url=http://www.guerracolonial.org/index.php?content=155|website=guerracolonia.org|publisher=Guerra Colonial :: 1961 – 1974|access-date=11 January 2015}}</ref> The Portuguese military also counted with a number of [[Portuguese irregular forces in the Overseas War|paramilitary forces]], including the [[Special Groups (Portugal)|Special Groups]] (''Grupos Especiais'') and the [[Flechas|Arrows]] (''Flechas'').

The Portuguese Armed Forces were also involved in a brief conventional armed conflict with the Indian military, when the latter invaded the [[Portuguese India]] in December 1961. Facing overwhelmingly superior forces and after 36 hours of combat, the Portuguese India Commander-in-Chief, General [[Manuel António Vassalo e Silva|Vassalo e Silva]], surrendered to the [[Indian Armed Forces|Indian Forces]]. Portuguese forces suffered 30 dead and 57 wounded, with almost 3500 personnel being taken as [[prisoners of war]], these being released six months later. The Indian Armed Forces officially recognized to have suffered 76 casualties during the invasion.<ref name="Azaredo">{{cite web|url=http://www.goancauses.com/gabriel_figueiredo/|title=Passage to India – 18th December 1961|last=Azaredo|first=Carlos|author2=Gabriel Figueiredo (translation)|date=8 December 2001|website=Goancauses.com|access-date=20 February 2010|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224100740/http://goancauses.com/gabriel_figueiredo/|archive-date=24 December 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Democratic Republic===
{{See also|Carnation Revolution}}
[[File:Ondanks een verbod wilden leden van de Portugese Maoïstische beweging MRPP op 31, Bestanddeelnr 927-7282.jpg|thumb|300px|Portuguese military in public order duty during a Maoist demonstration at the [[Rossio Square]], Lisbon, in the troubled period which followed the Carnation Revolution]]
On the morning of 25 April 1974, the [[Armed Forces Movement]] (MFA, ''Movimento das Forças Armadas'') – consisting mostly of junior officers of the three service branches – launched a ''coup d'état'', known as the [[Carnation Revolution]], which would bring an end to the [[New State (Portugal)|New State]] regime and shortly the Overseas War.<ref>{{cite web|title=O MFA|url=http://www.guerracolonial.org/index.php?content=123|website=guerracolonial.org|publisher=Guerra Colonial :: 1961 – 1974|access-date=10 May 2015}}</ref> While the revolt included several military units located on the mainland, the forces that departed from the Cavalry School located in [[Santarém, Portugal|Santarém]], led by captain [[Salgueiro Maia]], were the ones that managed to obtain the surrender of prime-minister [[Marcelo Caetano]] after a stand-off at the National Republican Guard headquarters in Lisbon, where he and some other members of the Government had taken refuge.

However, after the revolution and for about a year and a half, the Portuguese military would become highly politicized and split into several factions. By the summer of 1975, the tension between these was so high, that the country was on the verge of civil war. The forces connected to the extreme left-wing launched a further ''coup d'état'' on 25 November but the Group of Nine, a moderate military faction, immediately initiated a counter-coup. The main episode of this confrontation was the successful assault on the barracks of the left-wing dominated [[2nd Lancers Regiment (Portugal)|Military Police Regiment]] by the moderate forces of the Commando Regiment, resulting in three soldiers [[killed in action]]. The Group of Nine emerged victorious, thus preventing the establishment of a [[Communism|communist]] state in Portugal and ending the period of political instability in the country.<ref>{{cite web|title=25 de Novembro, o fim do Verão Quente|url=http://www.areamilitar.net/HistBCR.aspx?N=139|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928232359/http://www.areamilitar.net/HistBCR.aspx?N=139|url-status=usurped|archive-date=28 September 2013|website=areamilitar.net|publisher=Áreamilitar|access-date=28 April 2015}}</ref>

The Ministry of National Defense would be created during this period of instability. However this ministry had no power over the Armed Forces, his role was simply to act as a connection between the military and the Government. It was the [[Revolution Council (Portugal)|Revolution Council]] – created in 1975, consisting only of military officers and chaired by the President of the Republic – that had the full control over the Armed Forces, which meant these were completely independent from the civilian administration. The Government military departments (Navy Ministry, Army Ministry and Secretariat of State of the Aeronautics) were disbanded, with each service branch chief of staff assuming the roles of the former ministers, under the coordination of the CEMGFA, to whom was given a status equivalent to that of the [[Prime Minister of Portugal]]. This organization would remain in place until 1982, when the Revolution Council was disbanded after the first revision to the [[Constitution of Portugal|1976 Constitution]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lei n.º 1/82, de 30 de Setembro|url=http://www.pgdlisboa.pt/leis/lei_mostra_articulado.php?nid=8&tabela=leis|website=pgdlisboa.pt|publisher=Procuradoria-Geral Distrital de Lisboa|access-date=2 February 2015}}</ref> The Armed Forces were again placed under the subordination of the civilian administration, more specifically being integrated in the Ministry of National Defense.

With the [[decolonization]] and the end of the Overseas War, the Portuguese military would change from an asymmetric war oriented force to a conventional war oriented force, focused in defense of [[Western Europe#Cold War|Western Europe]] from a possible Soviet invasion.

Meanwhile, the 1980s would see the creation of [[special operations]], namely the Army's [[Special Operations Troops Centre|Special Operations Forces]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Centro de Tropas de Operações Especiais – Historial|url=http://www.exercito.pt/sites/CTOE/Historial/Paginas/default.aspx|website=exercito.pt|publisher=Exército Português|access-date=8 January 2015}}</ref> and the Navy's [[Special Actions Detachment]].<ref>{{cite web|title=O DESTACAMENTO DE ACÇÕES ESPECIAIS – Zebros e Skua|url=http://www.operacional.pt/o-destacamento-de-accoes-especiais/|website=operacional.pt|publisher=Operacional – defesa, forças armadas e de segurança|access-date=8 January 2015}}</ref> In 1990, the Air Force would create Combat Rescue teams (''Resgate em Combate'' or ''RESCOM'') for [[Combat search and rescue|CSAR]] operations but in 2006 these were extinct and replaced by the Force Protection Unit (''Unidade de Protecção da Força'' or ''UPF'') whose mission is to provide security for the Air Force elements deployed on international missions.<ref>{{cite web|title=AFEGANISTÃO: UNIDADE DE PROTECÇÃO DA FORÇA EM OPERAÇÕES|url=http://www.operacional.pt/afeganistao-unidade-de-proteccao-da-forca-em-operacoes/|website=operacional.pt|publisher=Operacional – defesa, forças armadas e de segurança|access-date=3 February 2015}}</ref>

===Current===
[[File:020602-F-EF201-020 Portuguese soldiers from the 2nd Armored Division use Chaimite V200 Armored Personnel Carriers to steer their way.jpeg|right|thumb|300px|Portuguese National Deployed Force in [[Bosnia]] in 2002]]
The collapse of the [[Soviet Union]] and the [[Warsaw Pact]] triggered a deep transformation of the Armed Forces. They transited from being a conscription based and defensive oriented Armed Forces to gradually becoming a fully professional and [[expeditionary warfare]] oriented force, starting to participate in international missions, most of them under the mandate of the United Nations, the [[European Union]] and the [[NATO]], besides organizing some unilateral missions abroad on their own.

The conscription was gradually reduced since the early 1990s, with almost no conscripts serving the Armed Forces by the end of that decade. The formal abolishment of the conscription in time of peace for all men was however only implemented in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|title=Decreto-Lei n.º 118/2004 de 21 Maio|url=http://www.dgap.gov.pt/upload/Legis/2004_dl_118_21_05.pdf|website=dgap.gov.pt|publisher=XV Governo Constitucional de Portugal|access-date=2 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505160953/http://www.dgap.gov.pt/upload/Legis/2004_dl_118_21_05.pdf|archive-date=5 May 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In 1993, the Portuguese Army deployed a communications battalion to Mozambique, as part of the [[United Nations Operation in Mozambique|UNOMOZ]], this being the first participation of the Portuguese Armed Forces in international missions, with a complete military unit. After Mozambique, the Portuguese Military deployed forces to international missions in a number of countries, including Angola, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Timor-Leste, Kosovo, Lebanon, Afghanistan and Lithuania, besides deploying military observers and other individual elements to other countries. Recent Defense policy confirmed the assumption that most considerable operations would be undertaken under international organizations mandates, with Portugal not entering alone in a major military engagement since the 1961–1974 overseas conflict.

Nonetheless, the Portuguese Military have also conducted a number of unilateral and independent peace-enforcing and humanitarian military missions, namely in Guinea-Bissau (1990, 1998, and 1999) and in Angola (1992). The Operation Crocodile conducted in Guinea-Bissau in 1998 was notable, by evidencing the capacity of the Portuguese Armed Forces – despite its small size and limitation of means – to rapidly mount a military operation abroad in a scale that is typically only achievable by major military powers. This operations was mainly aimed at the rescuing of thousands of Portuguese and other foreign nationals caught in the middle of the civil conflict that erupted in Guinea-Bissau and included the deployment of naval and air forces, the landing and occupation of the Port of [[Bissau]] by Portuguese Marines, amphibious and helicopter landings in several places of the Guinean coast for the rescuing of civilians, medical and humanitarian aid to the civil population and the support to the peace talks between the two antagonizing parties.

A Military Program Law (''Lei de Programação Militar'') was launched in 2002 to start the complete modernization of the Armed Forces. Considerable re-equipment of the military started in 2003, led by Defense Minister [[Paulo Portas]], who managed to launch a series of re-equipment programs, including those of new submarines ([[Tridente-class submarine|''Tridente''-class]]), frigates ([[Karel Doorman-class frigate|''Bartolomeu Dias''-class]]) and off shore patrol ships ([[Viana do Castelo-class patrol vessel|Project NPO 2000 / ''Viana do Castelo'' class]]) for the Navy, of armored vehicles ([[Portuguese Pandur|Pandur]]) for the Army and of heavy helicopters ([[AgustaWestland AW101|EH-101]]) for the Air Force. Ironically one of the most basic challenges – the replacement of the [[7.62×51mm NATO|7.62×51mm]] [[battle rifle]]s by [[5.56×45mm NATO|5.56×45mm]] [[assault rifle]]s – failed during his mandate due to the soldiers clinging onto their cheap and highly reliable locally made [[Fábrica de Braço de Prata|FBP]] [[Heckler & Koch G3|G3]].

Some important re-equipment programs were however later canceled or suspended mainly due to cuts in the Defense budget, including the building of a [[amphibious transport dock|multipurpose amphibious ship]] (Project NavPoL), the building of coastal patrol ships (Project NPC 2000) and the acquisition of helicopters ([[Eurocopter EC635|EC635]] and [[NHIndustries NH90|NH90]]) for the [[Portuguese Army Light Aviation Unit|Army Light Aviation Unit]]. Another important challenge faced, in terms of equipment, is the lack of funds for the replacement of the [[Alouette III]] helicopters and the [[Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet|Alpha Jet]] advanced trainer jets of the Air Force, which, if not addressed in due course, may compromise the future capacity of the Armed Forces to continue to do the complete training of their own aircraft pilots.

Despite the financial cuts in Defense, all international missions assigned to the Portuguese military have been fulfilled without limitations.

Recently purchased equipment include new [[main battle tank]]s ([[Leopard 2]]A6) in 2008 and new coastal patrol vessels ([[Flyvefisken-class patrol vessel|''Tejo''-class]]) in 2014. The process acquisition of the ex-French [[French ship Siroco (L9012)|amphibious assault ship ''Siroco'']] – as an alternative to the suspended NavPoL – failed in 2015, with the Portuguese Armed Forces continuing not having an asset which allows them to easily deploy forces to abroad on a larger scale, enhancing its expeditionary capacity.

In the 2010s, the Portuguese Armed Forces created the Immediate Reaction Force (FRI, ''Força de Reação Imediata''), aimed at providing an autonomous national response capability to intervene abroad in complex situations to conduct operations as the possible of evacuation of Portuguese citizens from countries under crisis or tension. The FRI includes naval, ground, air and special operations components. Its initial core has an operational readiness of 48 hours and has permanently assigned assets of the three branches of the Armed Forces.

=== Future ===
[[File:MASS DROP-EXCHANGE BETWEEN PARATROOPERS FORCES OF THE MULTINATIONAL BRIGADE- TRIDENT JUNCTURE 2015 EXERCISE (21975886874).jpg|thumb|right|300px|Mass drop of Portuguese paratroopers in an exercise. Paratroopers will continue to be an important component of the Portuguese Immediate Reaction Force (FRI)]]
In April 2013, the [[Portuguese Government]] approved a structural reform of the National Defense, named ''Defesa 2020'' ("Defense 2020").<ref>{{cite web|title=RESOLUÇÃO DO CONSELHO DE MINISTROS, "DEFESA 2020"|url=http://www.operacional.pt/resolucao-do-conselho-de-ministros-defesa-2020/|website=operacional.pt|publisher=Operacional – defesa, forças armadas e de segurança|access-date=5 April 2015}}</ref> It was done with the objective of defining the level of ambition of the Armed Forces by establishing the guidance parameters for strategic planning, reinforcing the leading responsibility of the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces in the execution of the approved [[military strategy]], reducing human resources while at the same time improving their management and enhancing the coordination between the General Staff of the Armed Forces, the branches of the Armed Forces and the Ministry of National Defense.

''Defesa 2020'' establishes the existence of three sets of force:
* Immediate Reaction Force (FRI, ''Força de Reação Imediata'') – a rapid action force, focused in missions such as the evacuation of Portuguese citizens in crisis or conflict areas and response in national complex emergency situations.
* Permanent Forces in Sovereignty Action  (FPAS, ''Forças Permanentes em Ação de Soberania'') – forces focused in the continuous missions of national sovereignty or jurisdiction areas of national responsibility, including the air defense, the maritime and aerial patrolling, surveillance and inspection, land surveillance when required, search and rescue and finally the nuclear, biological, chemical and radiological defense, public interest and disaster response.
* Modular Set of Forces (CMF, ''Conjunto Modular de Forças'') – forces assigned to Portuguese international commitments deployed for periods of six months, capable of engaging in three simultaneous minor operations or in a single major operation. These forces are known as National Deployed Forces (FND, ''Forças Nacionais Destacadas'').

Future equipment programs are also in course. In May 2019, a new ''Military Programming Law'' was published, which will regulate the founding of the military investments programs until 2030. Some of the main next military investments present in this document are:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=APROVADA LEI DE PROGRAMAÇÃO MILITAR 2019-2030 [M2035 - 22/2019] |url=http://www.passarodeferro.com/2019/05/aprovada-lei-de-programacao-militar.html |access-date=2022-10-21}}</ref>

* [[Portuguese Air Force]]
** 5 [[Embraer KC-390]] [[military transport aircraft]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-11 |title=Portugal confirms purchase of military freighter KC-390 - Airway1.com |url=https://www.airway1.com/portugal-confirms-purchase-of-military-freighter-kc-390/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711191308/https://www.airway1.com/portugal-confirms-purchase-of-military-freighter-kc-390/ |archive-date=2019-07-11  |access-date=2022-10-21 }}</ref> The KC-390 incorporates an important percentage of Portuguese developed technology and is being partially built in Portugal;<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-17 |title=Portuguese Air Force's first KC-390 aircraft arrives in Portugal |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/portuguese-first-kc390-arrives-portugal/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=Airforce Technology |language=en-US}}</ref>
** 6 [[P-3C Orion|Lockheed P-3C Orion Cup]];<ref>{{Cite web |title=Comunicado do Conselho de Ministros de 24 de agosto de 2023 |url=https://www.portugal.gov.pt/pt/gc23/governo/comunicado-de-conselho-de-ministros?i=568 |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=www.portugal.gov.pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2023-08-30 |title=Portugal to Buy German Navy P-3C Orion Maritime Patrol Aircraft Fleet for €45 Million |url=https://militaryleak.com/2023/08/31/portugal-to-buy-german-navy-p-3c-orion-maritime-patrol-aircraft-fleet-for-e45-million/ |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=MilitaryLeak |language=en-US}}</ref>
** [[Ground attack aircraft]] for [[close air support]];<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aprovada proposta de Lei de Programação Militar |url=https://www.portugal.gov.pt/pt/gc23/comunicacao/noticia?i=aprovada-proposta-de-lei-de-programacao-militar |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=www.portugal.gov.pt}}</ref>
** 9 [[Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk]] for [[aerial firefighting]];<ref>{{Cite web |title=MAIS TRÊS HELICÓPTEROS MÉDIOS PARA O COMBATE A INCÊNDIOS [M2452 – 84/2023] |url=http://www.passarodeferro.com/2023/11/mais-tres-helicopteros-medios-para-o.html |access-date=2023-11-28}}</ref>
** 2 additional [[AgustaWestland AW119 Koala]];<ref>{{Cite web |title=MAIS DOIS AW119 KOALA PARA A FORÇA AÉREA PORTUGUESA [M2252 - 40/2021] |url=http://www.passarodeferro.com/2021/04/mais-dois-aw119-koala-para-forca-aerea.html |access-date=2022-10-21}}</ref>
** Replacement of the [[De Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk|Chipmunk Mk.20]] training aircraft fleet;<ref name=":0" />
** Modernization of the [[Socata TB 30 Epsilon]], [[Falcon 50]], [[C130 Hercules]] and [[P3C|P3C Cup + Orion]] fleets;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Andreia Guerreiro |date=2019-10-28 |title=AEROMEC was awarded by the Portuguese Air Force (PTAF) to perform the full glass cockpit modernization of the Dassault Falcon 50 fleet |url=https://www.aeromec.pt/aeromec-was-awarded-by-the-portuguese-air-force-ptaf-to-perform-the-full-glass-cockpit-modernization-of-the-dassault-falcon-50-fleet/ |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=Aeromec |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Portuguese Air Force picks Collins Aerospace for C-130H Hercules aircraft modernization effort |url=http://www.collinsaerospace.com/news/news/2019/02/portuguese-air-force-picks-collins-c130h-hercules-aircraft-modernization}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
** [[AIM-9 Sidewinder|AIM-9X Sidewinder]] [[missile]]s and Warning Receiver SPS-45(V)5 systems for the [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]] fleet.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Governo autoriza despesa até 21 milhões de euros em mísseis nos próximos sete anos |url=https://www.cmjornal.pt/portugal/detalhe/governo-autoriza-despesa-ate-21-milhoes-em-misseis-nos-proximos-sete-anos |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=www.cmjornal.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref>
** [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|Surveillance Unmanned aerial vehicles]] (Class 2 - above 150kg and Class 3 - above 600kg);<ref name=":0" />

* [[Portuguese Navy]]
** 1 [[Landing Platform Dock|amphibious transport dock vessel]] – locally known has ''Navio Polivalente Logístico'' (NPL);<ref>{{Cite web |title=Navio Polivalente Logistico (NAVPOL) |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/navpol.htm |access-date=2022-01-09 |website=www.globalsecurity.org}}</ref>
** 1 [[Landing platform helicopter|landing platform]] - to operate [[unmanned aerial vehicle]]s and [[unmanned underwater vehicle]]s;<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-27 |title=O futuro prepara-se hoje |url=https://www.marinha.pt/pt/media-center/Noticias/Paginas/O-futuro-prepara-se-hoje.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527184007/https://www.marinha.pt/pt/media-center/Noticias/Paginas/O-futuro-prepara-se-hoje.aspx |archive-date=27 May 2022 |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rocha |first=Nuno Ribeiro, Daniel |title=Marinha vai ter navio para operar drones aéreos, subaquáticos e de superfície |url=https://www.publico.pt/2022/05/20/politica/entrevista/marinha-vai-navio-operar-drones-aereos-subaquaticos-superficie-2006802 |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Construção de um navio multifunções para a Marinha Portuguesa |url=https://dre.pt/dre/detalhe/anuncio-procedimento/7861-2022-185092227 |access-date=2022-07-07 |website=dre.pt}}</ref>
** 2 [[replenishment oiler]] – to replace [[Rover-class tanker|''Berrio''-class fleet tanker]];<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marinha Portuguesa / Navy of Portugal - Modernization |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/pt-marinha-modernization.htm |access-date=2022-01-09 |website=www.globalsecurity.org}}</ref>
** 6 [[Viana do Castelo-class patrol vessel|''Viana do Castelo''-class patrol vessels]];<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vavasseur |first=Xavier |date=2021-05-21 |title=Portugal Approves Six New OPVs for Marinha Portuguesa |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/05/portugal-approves-six-new-opvs-for-marinha-portuguesa/ |access-date=2022-01-09 |website=Naval News |language=en-US}}</ref>
** New [[Patrol vessel|Coastal Patrol Vessels]] to replace the [[Argos-class patrol boat|Argos]], [[Centauro-class patrol boat|Centauro]] and [[Tejo-class patrol vessel|Tejo]] class patrol vessels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marinha quer avançar com novos navios para substituir lanchas |url=https://www.cmjornal.pt/portugal/detalhe/marinha-quer-avancar-com-novos-navios-para-substituir-lanchas |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=www.cmjornal.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref>

* [[Portuguese Army]]
** 5 [[Combat search and rescue|Tactical evacuation helicopters]];<ref name=":0" />
** 47 armored tactical communications vehicles;<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Revista do Exército n. 728 |url=https://assets.exercito.pt/SiteAssets/JE/Jornais/2023/abr/728.aspx}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lusa |first=Agência |title=Portugal avança para compra de 47 veículos para o Exército no valor de 13,33 milhões de euros |url=https://observador.pt/2016/11/07/portugal-avanca-para-compra-de-47-veiculos-para-o-exercito-no-valor-de-1333-milhoes-de-euros/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=Observador |language=pt-PT}}</ref>
** 61 armored military cargo trucks;<ref name=":1" />
** Anti-aircraft defense systems which include 8 weapon terminals, 2 local warning radars, 8 light missile systems integrated into armored vehicles and 8 light armored or medium armored tactical vehicles;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Governo abre concurso para reequipamento dos sistemas de defesa antiaéreos |url=https://www.portugal.gov.pt/pt/gc21/comunicacao/noticia?i=20170605-mdn-antiaerea |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=www.portugal.gov.pt}}</ref>
** Around 200 [[Joint Light Tactical Vehicle]]s;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Success story in Europe for Oshkosh Defense JLTV Joint Light Tactical Vehicle {{!}} analysis focus army defence military industry army |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/analysis_focus_army_defence_military_industry_army/oshkosh_defense_and_the_belgian_army_contract_for_322_jltvs.html |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=www.armyrecognition.com}}</ref>
** New [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|Unmanned aerial vehicles]];<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |title=Defesa: Governo autoriza despesa até 21 milhões em mísseis nos próximos sete anos |url=https://www.dn.pt/politica/defesa-governo-autoriza-despesa-ate-21-milhoes-em-misseis-nos-proximos-sete-anos-15214136.html |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=www.dn.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref>
** [[Anti-tank guided missile|Anti-tank guided weapons]].<ref name=":15" />