Editing Porto Alegre (section)

===Ethnic groups===
{{bar box
|title    = Race and ethnicity in Porto Alegre 
|width    = 287px
|titlebar = #ddd
|left1    = Ethnicity
|right1   = Percentage
|float    = left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[White Brazilian|White]]|Blue|73.6}}
{{bar percent|[[Pardo]] ([[Multiracial#Brazil|Multiracial]])|green|13.4}}
{{bar percent|[[Black Brazilian|Black]]|Black|12.6}}
{{bar percent|[[Indigenous peoples in Brazil|Amerindian]]|red|0.2}}
{{bar percent|[[Asian Brazilian|Asian]]|yellow|0.2}}
}}

According to the [[2022 Brazilian census|2022 census]], there were 1,332,845 people residing in the city of Porto Alegre.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/|title=Panorama do Censo 2022|website=Panorama do Censo 2022}}</ref> The census revealed the following numbers: 981,251 [[White Brazilian|White]] people (73.6%), 178,354 [[Pardo]] ([[Multiracial#Brazil|Multiracial]]) people (13.4%), 168,196 [[Afro-Brazilian|Black]] people (12.6%), 2,708 [[Indigenous peoples in Brazil|Amerindian]] people (0.2%), 2,306 [[Asian Brazilian|Asian]] people (0.2%).<ref name="auto"/> In 2010, the city of Porto Alegre was the 10th most populous city in Brazil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/2010/11/04/maiores-cidades-do-brasil-crescem-menos-do-que-resto-do-pais-aponta-censo.jhtm|title=Maiores cidades do Brasil crescem menos do que média nacional, aponta Censo - Notícias - Cotidiano|website=Noticias.uol.com.br|access-date=12 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106193624/http://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/2010/11/04/maiores-cidades-do-brasil-crescem-menos-do-que-resto-do-pais-aponta-censo.jhtm|archive-date=6 January 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2010, the city had 269,519 [[heterosexual|opposite-sex couples]] and 1,401 [[same-sex couple]]s. The population of Porto Alegre was 53.6% female and 46.4% male.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite web |title=IBGE :: Censo 2010 |url=http://www.censo2010.ibge.gov.br/painel/?nivel=mn |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514145708/http://www.censo2010.ibge.gov.br/painel/?nivel=mn |archive-date=14 May 2012 |access-date=12 October 2017 |website=Censo2010.ibge.gov.br}}</ref>

Porto Alegre is mostly composed of Brazilians of European descent. Its [[colonisation|settlement]] started in the mid-18th century, mostly with the arrival of [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] colonists from the Azores Islands. From 1748 to 1756, 2,300 Azoreans were sent to the region by the King of Portugal to protect [[Southern Brazil]] from neighbouring invaders.<ref>{{cite web |author=Francisco Oliveira |url=http://www.riogrande.com.br/historia/colonizacao3.htm |title=Portuguese and Azorian Portuguese in Rio Grande do Sul |publisher=Riogrande.com.br |date=2005-08-01 |access-date=2010-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523225655/http://www.riogrande.com.br/historia/colonizacao3.htm |archive-date=2011-05-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> These colonists, mostly composed of married couples, established the city of ''Porto dos Casais'' (literally translated "harbor of the couples"), nowadays Porto Alegre. In 1775, 55% of Rio Grande do Sul's population was of Azorean [[Portuguese Brazilian|Portuguese]] origin.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atlasesportebrasil.org.br/textos/229.pdf |title=Azorean Portuguese origin in Porto Alegre |website=Atlasesportebrasil.org.br |access-date=2010-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030004653/http://www.atlasesportebrasil.org.br/textos/229.pdf |archive-date=2010-10-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> Porto Alegre was composed mainly of [[Portuguese people|Azoreans]] and their African [[slave]]s until the first half of the 19th century.
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Porto Alegre (2010)
|label1 = [[Catholic Church]]
|value1 = 63.85
|color1 = Gold
|label2 = [[Protestantism]]
|value2 = 11.65
|color2 = Indigo
|label3 = [[Kardecist spiritism|Spiritism]]
|value3 = 7.03
|color3 = Skyblue
|label4 = [[Umbanda]] and [[Candomblé]]
|value4 = 3.35
|color4 = Chartreuse
|label5 = Other religions
|value5 = 3.64
|color5 = Pink
|label6 = Irreligious
|value6 = 10.38
|color6 = White
}}
Other than the Portuguese, the first Europeans to settle Rio Grande do Sul were [[German Brazilian|German]] immigrants. In 1824, the first immigrants from Germany arrived in Porto Alegre, but they were sent to what is now the city of [[São Leopoldo]] ({{convert|28|km|0|abbr=on}} away). From 1824 to 1914, 50,000 Germans arrived in Rio Grande do Sul.<ref>{{cite web |author=Francisco Oliveira |url=http://www.riogrande.com.br/historia/colonizacao4c.htm |title=German colonies in the State of Rio Grande do Sul |publisher=Riogrande.com.br |date=2005-08-01 |access-date=2010-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523225843/http://www.riogrande.com.br/historia/colonizacao4c.htm |archive-date=2011-05-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Most of these colonists had rural communities in the countryside of the state as their first destination. The large [[rural exodus]] in Brazil in the early 20th century brought many originally German migrants from the countryside into Porto Alegre and, nowadays, they compose a large percentage of the population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brasilalemanha.com.br/informativo02.htm|title=A caminho dos 180 anos da imigração alemã (1824–2004)|date=12 June 2004|access-date=12 October 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040612173617/http://www.brasilalemanha.com.br/informativo02.htm|archive-date=12 June 2004}}</ref>

The second largest group of immigrants who arrived in Porto Alegre were the [[Italian Brazilian|Italians]]. They started emigrating to Brazil in 1875, mainly from the Northern Italian [[Veneto]] region.<ref>{{cite web |author=Francisco Oliveira |url=http://www.riogrande.com.br/historia/colonizacao5b.htm |title=Italian colonies in the State of Rio Grande do Sul |publisher=Riogrande.com.br |date=2005-08-01 |access-date=2010-10-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607120604/http://www.riogrande.com.br/historia/colonizacao5b.htm |archive-date=2008-06-07 }}</ref> As with the Germans, Italians were also first sent to rural communities, mainly in the [[Serra Gaúcha]] region. After some decades, many of them started to migrate to other parts of Rio Grande do Sul, including Porto Alegre. Minority communities of immigrants, such as [[Central Europe]]ans from [[Polish Brazilian|Poland]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cekaw.org/historia_poloneses_porto_alegre.php|title=Polish Brazilian in Porto Alegre|website=Cekaw.org|access-date=12 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013013407/http://cekaw.org/historia_poloneses_porto_alegre.php|archive-date=13 October 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and [[Eastern Europe]]ans from [[Ukrainians of Brazil|Ukraine]] and [[History of the Jews in Brazil|Jews]]; [[Arab Brazilian|Arabs]] from [[Palestinian Brazilian|Palestine]], [[Lebanese Brazilian|Lebanon]] and [[Syrian Brazilian|Syria]]; [[Asian Brazilian|Asians]] from [[Japanese Brazilian|Japan]]; as well as Spaniards arriving after the Civil War also made Porto Alegre their home.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.portoalegre.rs.gov.br/imigracaojaponesa/default.php?p_secao=16 |title=Japanese Brazilian in Porto Alegre |publisher=.portoalegre.rs.gov.br |access-date=2010-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520015642/http://www2.portoalegre.rs.gov.br/imigracaojaponesa/default.php?p_secao=16 |archive-date=2011-05-20 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.terrabrasileira.net/folclore/regioes/7tipos/judeusul.html |title=Jew Brazilian in Porto Alegre |publisher=Terrabrasileira.net |access-date=2010-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527160645/http://www.terrabrasileira.net/folclore/regioes/7tipos/judeusul.html |archive-date=2011-05-27 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> According to an autosomal DNA genetic study from 2011, the ancestral composition of the population of Porto Alegre is: 77.70% European, 12.70% African and 9.60% Native American.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Genomic Ancestry of Individuals from Different Geographical Regions of Brazil Is More Uniform Than Expected|first1=Sérgio D. J.|last1=Pena|first2=Giuliano Di|last2=Pietro|first3=Mateus|last3=Fuchshuber-Moraes|first4=Julia Pasqualini|last4=Genro|first5=Mara H.|last5=Hutz|first6=Fernanda de Souza Gomes|last6=Kehdy|first7=Fabiana|last7=Kohlrausch|first8=Luiz Alexandre Viana|last8=Magno|first9=Raquel Carvalho|last9=Montenegro|first10=Manoel Odorico|last10=Moraes|first11=Maria Elisabete Amaral de|last11=Moraes|first12=Milene Raiol de|last12=Moraes|first13=Élida B.|last13=Ojopi|first14=Jamila A.|last14=Perini|first15=Clarice|last15=Racciopi|first16=Ândrea Kely Campos|last16=Ribeiro-dos-Santos|first17=Fabrício|last17=Rios-Santos|first18=Marco A.|last18=Romano-Silva|first19=Vinicius A.|last19=Sortica|first20=Guilherme|last20=Suarez-Kurtz|date=16 February 2011|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=2|pages=e17063|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0017063|pmc=3040205|pmid=21359226|bibcode=2011PLoSO...617063P|doi-access=free}}</ref>