Editing Pope Urban V (section)

===Military campaigns===

The great feature of Urban V's reign was the effort to return the [[papacy]] to Rome and to suppress its powerful rivals for the temporal sovereignty there. He began by sending his brother, Cardinal Angelicus Grimoard, as [[papal legate|legate]] in northern Italy.<ref>{{cite book|last=Franceschini|first=Gino|title=Il Cardinale Angelico Grimoard e la sua opera di legato nella regione umbromarchigiana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RNMrnQEACAAJ|year=1954|publisher=Deputazione di storia patria per l'Umbria|location=Perugia|language=it}}</ref>  In 1362 Urban ordered a crusade to be preached throughout [[Italy]] against Bernabò Visconti, Giangaleazzo Visconti and their kindred, accused as robbers of the church's estate. In March 1363 Bernabò was declared a heretic.<ref>Muratori, p. 10.</ref> However, Pope Urban found it necessary to purchase peace in March of the following year, sending the newly created Cardinal [[Androin de la Roche]], former Abbot of Cluny, as apostolic legate to Italy to arrange the business.<ref>Baluze (1693), I, p. 367.</ref> Then, through the mediation of [[Emperor Charles IV]], Urban lifted his excommunication against Bernabò, obtaining Bologna only after he signed a hasty peace that was highly favorable to Bernabò.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}

In May 1365 the Emperor Charles visited Avignon, where he appeared with the Pope in full imperial regalia.  He then proceeded to Arles, which was one of his domains, where he was crowned King by the Archbishop, [[Pierre de Murat de Cros|Pierre de Cros]], OSB.<ref>Baluze (1693), I, p. 370.</ref>

Urban V's greatest desire was that of a crusade against the Turks. In 1363, [[John II of France|King John II]] of France and [[Peter I of Cyprus#Tour of Europe|Peter I, the King of Cyprus]], came to Avignon, and it was decided that there should be a war against the Turks.<ref>Baluze's 'Third Life' of Pope Urban V,  derived from the continuation of the chronicle of Canon Werner,  states that the King of Cyprus entered Avignon on Wednesday 29 March, and took the cross on Holy Thursday; Baluze, I, p. 396.</ref> It was Urban and Peter who were most eager for the crusade; the French were exhausted by recent losses in the Hundred Years' War, and some of their leaders were still being held prisoner in England. The Pope held a special ceremony on Holy Saturday, 1363, and bestowed the crusader's cross on the two kings, and on Cardinal [[Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord (cardinal)|Hélie de Talleyrand]] as well.  John II was appointed Rector and Captain General of the expedition.<ref>{{cite book|author=Kenneth Meyer Setton|title=The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571: The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Gm79HuBY0cC&pg=PA245|volume=I|year=1976|publisher=American Philosophical Society|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-87169-114-9|page=245}}</ref> Cardinal de Talleyrand was appointed apostolic legate for the expedition, but he died on 17 January 1364,  before the expedition could set out.<ref>Baluze, I, p. 779 [ed Mollat, II, p. 281].  Eubel, I, p. 16.</ref> Assembling the army proved an impossible task, and King John returned to prison in England.  He died in London on 8 April 1364.<ref>Baluze (1693), I, p. 386 ('Third Life of Urban V').</ref>
[[File:Urbain V by JM Rosier.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Urban V, [[Abbey of St. Victor, Marseille]]]]
King Peter of Cyprus, disappointed by King John's return to captivity in England and the death of Cardinal de Talleyrand, collected whatever soldiers he could, and  in 1365 launched a successful attack on [[Alexandria]] (11 October 1365).  Additional support was not forthcoming, however, and seeing that the enemy vastly outnumbered the crusaders, he ordered the sacking and burning of the city, and then withdrew.  He continued to harass the coasts of Syria and Egypt until he was assassinated in 1369. Urban, however, played no part in the crusade or its aftermath.<ref>Baluze (1693), I, p. 371-372.  {{cite book|author1=Richard Ernest Dupuy|author2=Trevor Nevitt Dupuy|title=The Encyclopedia of Military History from 3500 B.C. to the Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I5wOCyiM-mQC|year=1986|publisher=Harper & Row|location=New York|isbn=978-0-06-181235-4|page=386|access-date=5 October 2016|archive-date=3 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803004644/https://books.google.com/books?id=I5wOCyiM-mQC|url-status=live}}</ref>

Amadeus of Savoy and Louis of Hungary also put together a crusade in Urban's reign in 1366.  Initially they were successful, and Amadeus even captured [[Gallipoli]].  But despite initial successes, each was forced to withdraw.<ref>Dupuy and Dupuy, p. 389.</ref>