Editing Pope John XXIII (section)

===Papal election===
{{Main |1958 papal conclave}}
Following the death of [[Pope Pius XII]] on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in [[Venice]] on 11 October.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}} His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was ''[[papabile]]'',{{efn|William Doino is one of the commentators who claim that Roncalli was ''papabile'' and argue that "[b]y the time of Pius XII’s death, in 1958, Cardinal Roncalli 'contrary to the idea he came out of nowhere to become pope' was actually one of those favored to be elected. He was well known, well-liked, and trusted."<ref name=FirstThings>{{Cite journal|journal=First Things|url=http://www.firstthings.com/web-exclusives/2012/07/pope-john-xxiii-conserver-of-tradition|title=Pope John XXIII: Conserver of Tradition|last=Doino|first=William Jr.|date=2 July 2012|access-date=28 April 2014}}</ref>}} and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Dr. Jean |title=Saints for Today: John XXIII, Pope (1881–1963) |url=https://voiceofthesouthwest.org/saints-for-today-john-xxiii-pope-1881-1963/ |website=voiceofthesouthwest.org |date=9 October 2014 |access-date=31 August 2021}}</ref>

Many had considered [[Pope Paul VI|Giovanni Battista Montini]], the [[Archbishop of Milan]], a possible candidate, but, although he was the archbishop of one of the most ancient and prominent [[Episcopal see|sees]] in Italy, he had not yet been made a cardinal.<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/biography/documents/hf_p-vi_bio_16071997_biography_en.html |title=Pope Paul VI: 1963–1978 |type=biography |place=Rome, IT |publisher=Vatican |access-date=28 February 2006}}</ref> Though his absence from the 1958 conclave did not make him ineligible – under [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|Canon Law]] any Catholic male who is capable of receiving priestly ordination and episcopal consecration may be elected – the [[College of Cardinals]] usually chose the new pontiff from among the Cardinals who attend the papal conclave. At the time, as opposed to modern practice, the participating Cardinals did not have to be below age 80 to vote, there were few Eastern-rite Cardinals,{{efn|At the 1958 conclave, the two Eastern Catholic cardinal-electors were [[Gregorio Pietro Agagianian]], [[Patriarchate of Cilicia|Patriarch of Cilicia]] of the [[Armenian Catholic Church]] and [[Ignatius Gabriel I Tappouni]], Patriarch of Antioch of the [[Syriac Catholic Church]]}} and some Cardinals were just priests at the time of their elevation.{{efn|At the 1958 conclave, [[Nicola Canali]] the Cardinal protodeacon was only an ordained priest and [[Alfredo Ottaviani]], the Cardinal-Deacon of ''[[Santa Maria in Domnica]]'' had not yet been consecrated as a bishop.}}

Roncalli was summoned to the final ballot of the conclave at 4:00&nbsp;pm. He was elected pope at 4:30&nbsp;pm with a total of 38 votes. After the long pontificate of Pope Pius XII, the cardinals chose a man who – it was presumed because of his advanced age – would be a short-term or "stop-gap" pope. They wished to choose a candidate who would do little during the new pontificate. Upon his election, Cardinal [[Eugène Tisserant]] asked him the ritual questions of whether he would accept and, if so, what name he would take for himself. Roncalli gave the first of his many surprises when he chose "John" as his [[papal name]]. Roncalli's exact words were, "I will be called John." This was the first time in over 500 years that this name had been chosen; previous popes had avoided its use since the time of the [[Antipope John XXIII]] during the [[Western Schism]] several centuries before.

On the choice of his papal name, Pope John XXIII said to the cardinals:
{{Blockquote|I will be called John... a name sweet to [[Royal we|us]] because it is the name of our father, dear to us because it is the name of the humble parish church where we were baptized, the solemn name of numberless cathedrals scattered throughout the world, including our own basilica [St. John Lateran]. [[Pope John (numbering)|Twenty-two Johns]] of [[Antipope|indisputable legitimacy]] have [been Pope], and almost all had a brief pontificate. We have preferred to hide the smallness of our name behind this magnificent succession of Roman Pontiffs.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.vatican.va/content/john-xxiii/la/speeches/1958/documents/hf_j-xxiii_spe_19581028_accettazione-mandato.html | title=Accettazione del Supremo mandato, 28 Ottobre 1958, Giovanni XXIII &#124; Ioannes XXIII }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,938062,00.html |title=I Choose John... |newspaper=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=10 November 1958}}</ref>}}

Upon his choosing the name, there was some confusion as to whether he would be known as John XXIII or John XXIV; in response, he declared that he was John XXIII, thus affirming the antipapal status of [[antipope John XXIII]].

Before this antipope, the most recent popes called John had been [[Pope John XXII|John XXII]] (1316–1334) and [[Pope John XXI|John XXI]] (1276–1277). No [[Pope John XX]] existed, owing to confusion caused by medieval historians misreading the [[Liber Pontificalis]] to refer to another Pope John between [[Pope John XIV|John XIV]] and [[Pope John XV|John XV]].

After his election, he confided in Cardinal [[Maurice Feltin]] that he had chosen the name "in memory of France and in the memory of John XXII who continued the history of the papacy in France."<ref>{{Citation |first=Peter |last=Hebblethwaite |title=John XXIII, Pope of the Council |edition=rev |publisher=Harper Collins |place=Glasgow |year=1994 |page=220}}</ref>

After he answered the two ritual questions, the traditional [[Habemus Papam]] announcement was delivered by Cardinal [[Nicola Canali]] to the people at 6:08&nbsp;pm, an exact hour after the white smoke appeared. A short while later, he appeared on the balcony and gave his first [[Urbi et Orbi]] blessing to the crowds of the faithful below in [[Saint Peter's Square]]. That same night, he appointed [[Domenico Tardini]] as his [[Cardinal Secretary of State]]. Of the three cassocks prepared for whoever the new pope was, even the largest was not enough to fit his obese frame, which had to be let out in certain places and only to be held together with great effort by safety pins. When he first saw himself in the mirror in his new vestments, he said with an appraising and critical look, "This man will be a disaster on television!" while later saying he felt his first appearance before the globe was as if he were a "newborn babe in swaddling clothes."<ref name=ALL>{{cite web |url=https://www.americamagazine.org/content/all-things/pope-and-president-john-xxiii-and-dwight-d-eisenhower-era-di-belli-was-beaut |title=When Pope John and Ike Laughed It up in the Vatican|date=16 September 2015}}</ref>

His [[Papal coronation|coronation]] took place on 4 November 1958, on the feast of Saint [[Charles Borromeo]], in the central loggia of the Vatican. He was crowned with the 1877 [[Palatine Tiara]]. His coronation lasted the traditional five hours.

In John XXIII's first [[Papal consistory|consistory]] on 15 December of that same year, Montini was created a cardinal and would become John XXIII's successor in 1963, taking the name of [[Pope Paul VI|Paul VI]]. That consistory was notable for being the first to expand the Sacred College membership beyond the then-traditional 70.
[[File:Pope John XXIII blessing the Crowd (1958).jpg|thumb|left|Pope John XXIII's coronation on 4 November 1958. He was crowned wearing the 1877 [[Palatine Tiara]].]]

Following his election, the new pope told the tale of how, in his first weeks, he was walking when he heard a woman exclaim in a loud voice: "My God, he's so fat!" The new pope casually remarked: "Madame, the holy conclave isn't exactly a beauty contest!"<ref name=ALL />