Editing Pompey (section)

===Re-organisation of the East===
{{details|Pompey's eastern settlement}}
The final collapse of the [[Seleucid Empire]] allowed Pompey to annex [[Roman Syria|Syria]] in 64 BC, but its dissolution destabilised the region, while many of its cities had used the power vacuum to achieve independence.{{sfn|Leach|1978|p=93}} In early 63 BC, Pompey left [[Antioch]] and marched south, occupying coastal cities like [[Apamea, Syria|Apamea]], before crossing the [[Anti-Lebanon Mountains]] and capturing [[Pella, Jordan|Pella]] (in today's Jordan), and [[Damascus]].{{sfn|Leach|1978|p=96}}

[[File:Hyrcanus II Judea.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|[[Judea]] (blue) in 63 BC, after losing the [[Decapolis]] (red) to the north]]

Pompey's incursion further south, into [[Judea]], was occasioned on account of its inhabitants, under the leadership of [[Hyrcanus II]] and [[Aristobulus II]], having ravaged [[Phoenicia]] and Pompey wanting to bring a stop to it.<ref>{{cite book |last=Cassius Dio |author-link=Cassius Dio|title=Dio's Roman History |publisher=Harvard University Press |editor=E.H. Warmington |series=The Loeb Classical Library |volume=3 |date=1969 |location=Cambridge |page=127 (book XXXVII)|language=en, Greek |oclc=264964964}}</ref> The initial onslaught was disrupted by the [[Hasmonean Civil War]], in which Pompey backed Hyrcanus&nbsp;II over his brother Aristobulus&nbsp;II. When he compelled the latter to surrender [[Jerusalem]], its defenders took refuge in the [[Second Temple|Temple]], which the [[Siege of Jerusalem (63 BC)|Romans first stormed]], then looted. Judea became a client kingdom ruled by Hyrcanus, while its northern section was incorporated into the [[Decapolis]], a league of semi-autonomous cities (see map). Both Judea and the League were made subordinate to the new province of Syria.<ref>Josephus, ''Jewish Antiquities'', 14.54.79</ref>

Other organisational changes included creating the province of [[Bithynia and Pontus]], with the rest of Mithridates' territories distributed among Roman allies. Elsewhere, [[Ariobarzanes I of Cappadocia]] was restored to his throne, while Lesser Armenia was taken from Tigranes and incorporated into [[Galatia]], with Pompey's client [[Deiotarus]] becoming ruler of the new kingdom. Finally, Cilicia received the coastal region of [[Pamphylia]], previously a centre of piracy, along with other inland areas and reorganised into six parts.{{efn|These were Cilicia Aspera, Cilicia Campestris, Pamphylia, [[Pisidia]], [[Isauria]], [[Lycaonia]], and [[Phrygia]]}} These actions significantly increased Roman state income and presented Pompey with multiple opportunities to increase his personal wealth and patronage base.{{sfn|Morrill|2017|pp=57–97}}