Editing Plovdiv (section)

==Geography==
[[File:Plovdiv Bulgaria by Sentinel-2 20190608.jpg|thumb|right|Plovdiv seen from space]]
[[File:Plovdiv3.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|A view of Nebet tepe hill]]
[[File:Plovdiv balkan-1-.jpg|left|200px|thumb|A view of Plovdiv with the [[Balkan Mountains|Stara Planina Mountain]] in the background.]]
Plovdiv is located on the banks of the [[Maritsa]] river, southeast of the Bulgarian capital [[Sofia]]. The city is in the southern part of the ''Plain of Plovdiv'', an [[alluvial plain]] that forms the western portion of the [[Upper Thracian Plain]]. From there, the peaks of the [[Sredna Gora]] mountain range rise to the northwest, the Chirpan Heights to the east, and the [[Rhodope mountains]] to the south.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Пътеводител България |publisher=ТАНГРА ТанНакРа ИК |location=София |page=145 |language=bg |isbn=954-9942-32-5 |year=2002 |author=avtori Evgeni Dinchev ...|display-authors=etal}}</ref> Originally, Plovdiv's development occurred south of Maritsa, with expansion across the river taking place only within the last 100 years. Modern Plovdiv covers an area of {{convert|101|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}, less than 0.1% of Bulgaria's total area. It is the most densely populated city in Bulgaria, with 3,769 inhabitants per km<sup>2</sup>.

Inside the city proper are six [[syenite]] hills. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were seven syenite hills, but one ([[Markovo tepe]]) was destroyed. Three of them are called the Three Hills ({{langx|bg|Трихълмие}} ''Trihalmie''), the others are called the Hill of the Youth ({{langx|bg|Младежки хълм}}, ''Mladezhki halm''), the Hill of the Liberators ({{langx|bg|Хълм на освободителите}}, ''Halm na osvoboditelite''), and the Hill of [[Hristo G. Danov|Danov]] ({{langx|bg|Данов хълм}}, ''Danov halm'').<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.milarodino.com/bg/13_centuries/city/plovdiv/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120904074310/http://www.milarodino.com/bg/13_centuries/city/plovdiv/ |archive-date=4 September 2012 |title=Седемте чудеса на България – Пловдив |publisher=Milarodino.com |access-date=7 January 2011 }}</ref>

===Climate===
Plovdiv has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfa'') with considerable [[humid continental]] influences. There are four distinct seasons with large temperature jumps between seasons.

Summer (mid-May to late September) is hot, moderately dry and sunny, with July and August having an average high of {{convert|33|°C|0|abbr=on}}. Plovdiv sometimes experiences very hot days which are typical in the interior of the country. Summer nights are mild.

Autumn starts in late September; days are long and relatively warm in early autumn. The nights become chilly by September. The first frost usually occurs by November.

Winter is normally cold and snow is common. The average number of days with snow coverage in Plovdiv is 15. The average depth of snow coverage is {{convert|2|to|4|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, and the maximum is normally {{convert|6|to|13|cm|in|0|abbr=on}}, but some winters coverage can reach {{convert|70|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} or more. The average January temperature is {{convert|-0.4|°C|0|abbr=on}}.

Spring begins in March and is cooler than autumn. The frost season ends in March. The days are mild and relatively warm in mid-spring.

The average relative humidity is 73% and is highest in December at 86% and the lowest in August at 62%. The total precipitation is {{convert|540|mm|2|abbr=on}} and is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year. The wettest months of the year are May and June, with an average precipitation of {{convert|66.2|mm|2|abbr=on}}, and the driest month is August, with an average precipitation of {{convert|31|mm|2|abbr=on}}.

Gentle winds (0 to 5&nbsp;m/s) are predominant in the city with wind speeds of up to 1&nbsp;m/s, representing 95% of all winds during the year. Mists are common in the cooler months, especially along the banks of the Maritsa. On average there are 33&nbsp;days with [[mist]] during the year.<ref>[http://new.plovdiv.bg/files/OPR_END.pdf Общински план за развитие на Пловдив 2005 – 2013 г.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214084451/http://new.plovdiv.bg/files/OPR_END.pdf |date=14 February 2012 }}, посетен на 10 ноември 2007 г.</ref>
{{Weather box
|location = Plovdiv (1952–2000; extremes 1942–present)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 23.0
|Feb record high C = 24.0
|Mar record high C = 30.0
|Apr record high C = 34.2
|May record high C = 36.0
|Jun record high C = 41.0
|Jul record high C = 45.0
|Aug record high C = 42.5
|Sep record high C = 37.6
|Oct record high C = 36.8
|Nov record high C = 27.0
|Dec record high C = 22.9
|year record high C = 45.0
|Jan high C = 5.4
|Feb high C = 8.5
|Mar high C = 13.5
|Apr high C = 18.7
|May high C = 24.0
|Jun high C = 28.7
|Jul high C = 31.4
|Aug high C = 31.6
|Sep high C = 26.3
|Oct high C = 19.6
|Nov high C = 12.5
|Dec high C = 6.5
|year high C = 18.9
|Jan mean C = 1.1
|Feb mean C = 3.3
|Mar mean C = 7.6
|Apr mean C = 12.6
|May mean C = 17.7
|Jun mean C = 22.0
|Jul mean C = 24.4
|Aug mean C = 24.2
|Sep mean C = 19.2
|Oct mean C = 13.2
|Nov mean C = 7.4
|Dec mean C = 2.3
|year mean C = 12.9
|Jan low C = -2.9
|Feb low C = -1.5
|Mar low C = 2.1
|Apr low C = 6.5
|May low C = 11.3
|Jun low C = 15.3
|Jul low C = 17.3
|Aug low C = 17.2
|Sep low C = 13.0
|Oct low C = 7.6
|Nov low C = 3.0
|Dec low C = -1.4
|year low C = 7.3
|Jan record low C = -31.5
|Feb record low C = -29.1
|Mar record low C = -17.5
|Apr record low C = -4.0
|May record low C = -0.3
|Jun record low C = 6.0
|Jul record low C = 8.2
|Aug record low C = 5.6
|Sep record low C = 0.7
|Oct record low C = -5.9
|Nov record low C = -9.1
|Dec record low C = -22.7
|year record low C = -31.5
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 27
|Feb precipitation mm = 34
|Mar precipitation mm = 37
|Apr precipitation mm = 41
|May precipitation mm = 77
|Jun precipitation mm = 57
|Jul precipitation mm = 39
|Aug precipitation mm = 43
|Sep precipitation mm = 35
|Oct precipitation mm = 37
|Nov precipitation mm = 36
|Dec precipitation mm = 39
|year precipitation mm = 502
|Jan precipitation days = 4.8
|Feb precipitation days = 5.1
|Mar precipitation days = 5.8
|Apr precipitation days = 4.7
|May precipitation days = 6.5
|Jun precipitation days = 6.2
|Jul precipitation days = 3.8
|Aug precipitation days = 3.1
|Sep precipitation days = 3.1
|Oct precipitation days = 3.9
|Nov precipitation days = 5.8
|Dec precipitation days = 6.2
|year precipitation days = 60.7
|Jan humidity = 76
|Feb humidity = 67
|Mar humidity = 60
|Apr humidity = 53
|May humidity = 53
|Jun humidity = 50
|Jul humidity = 45
|Aug humidity = 46
|Sep humidity = 48
|Oct humidity = 59
|Nov humidity = 69
|Dec humidity = 76
|year humidity = 59
|Jan sun = 94
|Feb sun = 110
|Mar sun = 170
|Apr sun = 200
|May sun = 252
|Jun sun = 281
|Jul sun = 328
|Aug sun = 315
|Sep sun = 230
|Oct sun = 162
|Nov sun = 120
|Dec sun = 77
|year sun = 2339
|source 1 = Climatebase.ru
|source 2 = [[Danish Meteorological Institute]] (sun and relative humidity),<ref name=DMI>{{cite web | last1 = Cappelen | first1 = John | last2 = Jensen | first2 = Jens | url = http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf | work = Climate Data for Selected Stations (1931–1960) | title = Bulgarien – Plovdiv | page = 42 | publisher = Danish Meteorological Institute | language = da | access-date = 16 April 2013 | archive-date = 16 January 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130116071752/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf | url-status = live }}</ref>
|date=June 2012
}}

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location = Plovidiv (2008-2021)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| source = Stringmeteo.com{{page needed|date=August 2021}}
Meteomanz<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.meteomanz.com/sy3?l=1&cou=6250&ind=15626&m1=01&y1=2000&m2=07&y2=2024 |title=Plovdiv - Weather data by months |access-date=8 July 2024 |website=meteomanz}}</ref>(precipitation and days 2000-2013)
| Jan mean C = 2.2
| Feb mean C = 4.5
| Mar mean C = 8.5
| Apr mean C = 14.3
| May mean C = 19.3
| Jun mean C = 23.4
| Jul mean C = 25.6
| Aug mean C = 25.5
| Sep mean C = 21.6
| Oct mean C = 16.3
| Nov mean C = 10.7
| Dec mean C = 4.6
| year mean C = 14.0
| Jan high C = 7.3
| Feb high C = 10.2
| Mar high C = 16.2
| Apr high C = 19.3
| May high C = 25.2
| Jun high C = 28.7
| Jul high C = 32.1
| Aug high C = 31.8
| Sep high C = 26.9
| Oct high C = 21.5
| Nov high C = 15.3
| Dec high C = 8.8
| year high C = 21
| Jan low C = -1.0
| Feb low C = -0.3
| Mar low C = 3.6
| Apr low C = 8.3
| May low C = 13.5
| Jun low C = 17.3
| Jul low C = 18.9
| Aug low C = 18.8
| Sep low C = 15.1
| Oct low C = 10.8
| Nov low C = 6.3
| Dec low C = 0.5
| date = March 2019

| precipitation colour  =  green
| Jan precipitation mm  =41.6
| Feb precipitation mm  =34.9
| Mar precipitation mm  =42.3
| Apr precipitation mm  =40.0
| May precipitation mm  =59.5
| Jun precipitation mm  =61.7
| Jul precipitation mm  =56.1
| Aug precipitation mm  =45.9
| Sep precipitation mm  =44.6
| Oct precipitation mm  =44.3
| Nov precipitation mm  =24.0
| Dec precipitation mm  =60.2
| year precipitation mm =
| unit precipitation days =  0.1 mm
| precip days colour      =  
| Jan precipitation days  =10.1
| Feb precipitation days  =7.8
| Mar precipitation days  =8.1
| Apr precipitation days  =9.6
| May precipitation days  =11.6
| Jun precipitation days  =10.2
| Jul precipitation days  =8.1
| Aug precipitation days  =5.7
| Sep precipitation days  =7.4
| Oct precipitation days  =8.1
| Nov precipitation days  =5.7
| Dec precipitation days  =11
| year precipitation days =
| unit snow days = 
| Jan snow days  =5.8
| Feb snow days  =4.5
| Mar snow days  =1.8
| Apr snow days  =0.2
| May snow days  =0
| Jun snow days  =0
| Jul snow days  =0
| Aug snow days  =0
| Sep snow days  =0
| Oct snow days  =0
| Nov snow days  =0.6
| Dec snow days  =5.1
| year snow days =
}}