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====Vowel lowering==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! ! Standard High German ! Northern Low German ! Plautdietsch ! Pennsylvania German ! Yiddish ! Dutch ! English |- | {{IPA|/ɪ/}} to {{IPA|/ɛ/}} | Fisch, dünn | Fisch, dünn | Fesch, denn | Fisch, dinn | פֿיש, דין<br />fish, din | vis, dun | fish, thin |- | {{IPA|/ɛ/}} to {{IPA|/a/}} | helfen, rennen | hölpen, rennen | halpe(n), rane(n) | helfe, schpringe (from ''springen'') | העלפֿן, לױפֿן<br />helfn, loyfn (from ''laufen'') | helpen, rennen | to help, to run |- | {{IPA|/ʊ/}} to {{IPA|/ɔ/}}<sup>1</sup> | Luft, Brust | Luft, Borst | Loft, Brost | Luft, Bruscht | לופֿט, ברוסט<br />luft, brust | lucht, borst | air (Latinate root)/archaic loft, breast |- | {{IPA|/aː/}} to {{IPA|/au/}} | Mann, Hand | Mann, Hand | Maun, Haunt | Mann, Hand | מאַן, האַנט<br />man, hant | man, hand | man, hand |} # This shift is still active, as some speakers {including a few from Hague} still retain the older pronunciation.{{Citation needed|reason=How do we know a sound change is still active and that this is not just a separate later innovation? Documents from Quiring 1928 show these changes, and to say that the change is still active means that this change has been active for 84 years.|date=August 2012}}
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