Editing Pixel (section)

==Megapixel==<!--This section is linked from redirect [[Megapixel]]-->
[[File:Sensorauflösungen.svg|thumb|upright=1.15|Diagram of common sensor resolutions of digital cameras including megapixel values]]
[[File:Megapixel_comparison.jpg|thumb|Comparison of the level of detail between 0.3 and 24 megapixels]]
A '''megapixel''' ('''MP''') is a million pixels; the term is used not only for the number of pixels in an image but also to express the number of [[image sensor]] elements of [[digital camera]]s or the number of display elements of [[Computer display|digital displays]]. For example, a camera that makes a 2048 × 1536 pixel image (3,145,728 finished image pixels) typically uses a few extra rows and columns of sensor elements and is commonly said to have "3.2 megapixels" or "3.4 megapixels", depending on whether the number reported is the "effective" or the "total" pixel count.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dpreview.com/news/2001/8/1/jciamegapixel|title=Now a megapixel is really a megapixel|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701200048/http://www.dpreview.com/news/2001/8/1/jciamegapixel|archive-date=2013-07-01}}</ref>

The number of pixels is sometimes quoted as the "resolution" of a photo. This measure of resolution can be calculated by multiplying the width and height of a sensor in pixels.

Digital cameras use photosensitive electronics, either [[charge-coupled device]] (CCD) or [[CMOS|complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor]] (CMOS) image sensors, consisting of a large number of single sensor elements, each of which records a measured intensity level. In most digital cameras, the [[sensor array]] is covered with a patterned color filter mosaic having red, green, and blue regions in the [[Bayer filter]] arrangement so that each sensor element can record the intensity of a single primary color of light. The camera interpolates the color information of neighboring sensor elements, through a process called [[demosaicing]], to create the final image. These sensor elements are often called "pixels", even though they only record one channel (only red or green or blue) of the final color image. Thus, two of the three color channels for each sensor must be interpolated and a so-called ''N-megapixel'' camera that produces an N-megapixel image provides only one-third of the information that an image of the same size could get from a scanner. Thus, certain color contrasts may look fuzzier than others, depending on the allocation of the primary colors (green has twice as many elements as red or blue in the Bayer arrangement).

[[DxO Labs]] invented the [[Perceptual MegaPixel]] (P-MPix) to measure the sharpness that a camera produces when paired to a particular lens – as opposed to the MP a manufacturer states for a camera product, which is based only on the camera's sensor. P-MPix claims to be a more accurate and relevant value for photographers to consider when weighing up camera sharpness.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dxomark.com/en/Reviews/Looking-for-new-photo-gear-DxOMark-s-Perceptual-Megapixel-can-help-you|title=Looking for new photo gear? DxOMark's Perceptual Megapixel can help you!|date=17 December 2012|website=DxOMark|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508145627/https://www.dxomark.com/Reviews/Looking-for-new-photo-gear-DxOMark-s-Perceptual-Megapixel-can-help-you|archive-date=8 May 2017}}</ref> As of mid-2013, the [[Sigma 35 mm f/1.4 DG HSM lens]] mounted on a [[Nikon D800]] has the highest measured P-MPix. However, with a value of 23 MP, it still {{Clarify|date=October 2023|reason=What does "wipes off" mean in this context? |text= wipes off}} more than one-third of the D800's 36.3 MP sensor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Lenses/Camera-Lens-Ratings/Optical-Metric-Scores|title=Camera Lens Ratings by DxOMark|website=DxOMark|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526230825/http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Lenses/Camera-Lens-Ratings/Optical-Metric-Scores|archive-date=2013-05-26}}</ref> In August 2019, Xiaomi released the Redmi Note 8 Pro as the world's first [[smartphone]] with 64 MP camera.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/14812/worlds-first-smartphone-with-a-64-mp-camera-xiaomis-redmi-note-8-pro |title=World's First Smartphone with a 64 MP Camera: Xiaomi's Redmi Note 8 Pro |author=Anton Shilov |date=August 31, 2019}}</ref> On December 12, 2019, Samsung released Samsung A71 that also has a 64 MP camera.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gsmarena.com/samsung_galaxy_a51_galaxy_a71_specs_price-news-40543.php |title=Samsung Galaxy A51 and Galaxy A71 announced: Infinity-O displays and L-shaped quad cameras |date=December 12, 2019}}</ref> In late 2019, Xiaomi announced the first camera phone with 108 MP 1/1.33-inch across sensor. The sensor is larger than most of [[list of bridge cameras|bridge camera]] with 1/2.3-inch across sensor.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.androidauthority.com/xiaomi-mi-note-10-camera-1052077/ |title=Xiaomi Mi Note 10 camera review: The first 108MP phone camera |author=Robert Triggs |access-date=February 20, 2020 |date=January 16, 2020}}</ref>

One new method to add megapixels has been introduced in a [[Micro Four Thirds System]] camera, which only uses a 16 MP sensor but can produce a 64 MP RAW (40 MP JPEG) image by making two exposures, shifting the sensor by a half pixel between them. Using a tripod to take level multi-shots within an instance, the multiple 16 MP images are then combined into a 64 MP image.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dpreview.com/articles/5476551037/interview-with-setsuya-kataoka-from-olympus-om-d-high-resolution-mode |title=Soon, 40MP without the tripod: A conversation with Setsuya Kataoka from Olympus |author=Damien Demolder |access-date=March 8, 2015 |date=February 14, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311042437/http://www.dpreview.com/articles/5476551037/interview-with-setsuya-kataoka-from-olympus-om-d-high-resolution-mode |archive-date=March 11, 2015 }}</ref>