Editing Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (section)

===World travels===
[[File:TeilhardP 1947.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|left|Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1947)]]

From 1927 to 1928, Teilhard was based in Paris. He journeyed to [[Leuven]], Belgium, and to [[Cantal]] and [[Ariège (department)|Ariège]], France. Between several articles in reviews, he met new people such as [[Paul Valéry]] and {{Interlanguage link|Bruno de Solages|fr}}, who were to help him in issues with the Catholic Church.

Answering an invitation from [[Henry de Monfreid]], Teilhard undertook a journey of two months in [[Obock]], in [[Harar]] in the [[Ethiopian Empire]], and in [[Somalia]] with his colleague Pierre Lamarre, a geologist,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gaudant |first=Jean |date=2012 |title=Brève histoire de la Société géologique de France vue à travers ses présidents successifs |url=https://www.annales.org/archives/cofrhigeo/gaudant-SGF.html |journal=Travaux du Comité français d'histoire de la géologie (COFRHIGEO) |pages=81–104}}</ref> before embarking in [[Djibouti]] to return to Tianjin. While in China, Teilhard developed a deep and personal friendship with [[Lucile Swan]].<ref name="Aczel">{{Cite book |last=Aczel |first=Amir |url=https://archive.org/details/jesuitskull00acze/page/320 |title=The Jesuit and the Skull: Teilhard de Chardin, Evolution, and the Search for Peking Man |date=4 November 2008 |publisher=Riverhead Trade |isbn=978-1-594489-56-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/jesuitskull00acze/page/320 320] |author-link=Amir Aczel}}</ref>

During 1930–1931, Teilhard stayed in France and in the United States. During a conference in Paris, Teilhard stated: "For the observers of the Future, the greatest event will be the sudden appearance of a collective humane [[conscience]] and a human work to make." From 1932 to 1933, he began to meet people to clarify issues with the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith regarding ''Le Milieu divin'' and ''L'Esprit de la Terre''. He met [[Helmut de Terra]], a [[Germans|German]] geologist in the [[International Union of Geological Sciences|International Geology Congress]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]

Teilhard participated in the 1935 [[Yale University|Yale]]–[[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] expedition in northern and central India with the geologist [[Helmut de Terra]] and Patterson, who verified their assumptions on Indian [[Paleolithic]] civilisations in [[Kashmir]] and the [[Salt Range]] Valley. He then made a short stay in [[Java]], on the invitation of [[Netherlands|Dutch]] paleontologist [[Gustav Heinrich Ralph von Koenigswald]] to the site of [[Java Man]]. A second [[human skull|cranium]], more complete, was discovered. Professor von Koenigswald had also found a tooth in a Chinese [[apothecary]] shop in 1934 that he believed belonged to a three-meter-tall [[ape]], ''[[Gigantopithecus]],'' which lived between one hundred thousand and around a million years ago. Fossilized teeth and bone (''[[dragon bones]]'') are often ground into powder and used in some branches of [[traditional Chinese medicine]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Gigantopithecus was discovered |url=http://www.uiowa.edu/~nathist/Site/giganto.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808033329/http://www.uiowa.edu/~nathist/Site/giganto.html |archive-date=8 August 2008 |access-date=16 September 2016 |publisher=The [[University of Iowa]] Museum of Natural History |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In 1937, Teilhard wrote ''Le Phénomène spirituel'' (''The Phenomenon of the Spirit'') on board the boat Empress of Japan, where he met [[Sylvia Brett]], [[List of Sarawakian consorts|Ranee]] of [[Sarawak]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.org/details/LettersFromATraveller|title=Letters from a Traveller|accessdate=26 September 2022|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> The ship took him to the United States. He received the [[Mendel Medal (Villanova University)|Mendel Medal]] granted by [[Villanova University]] during the Congress of [[Philadelphia]], in recognition of his works on human paleontology. He made a speech about [[evolution]], the origins and the destiny of man. ''[[The New York Times]]'' dated 19 March 1937 presented Teilhard as the Jesuit who held that [[human|man]] descended from [[monkeys]]. Some days later, he was to be granted the ''[[Doctor Honoris Causa]]'' distinction from [[Boston College]].

Rome banned his work ''L'Énergie Humaine'' in 1939. By this point Teilhard was based again in France, where he was immobilized by [[malaria]]. During his return voyage to Beijing he wrote ''L'Energie spirituelle de la Souffrance'' (''Spiritual Energy of Suffering'') (Complete Works, tome VII).

In 1941, Teilhard submitted to Rome his most important work, ''Le Phénomène Humain''. By 1947, Rome forbade him to write or teach on philosophical subjects. The next year, Teilhard was called to Rome by the Superior General of the Jesuits who hoped to acquire permission from the Holy See for the publication of ''Le Phénomène Humain''. However, the prohibition to publish it that was previously issued in 1944 was again renewed. Teilhard was also forbidden to take a teaching post in the Collège de France. Another setback came in 1949, when permission to publish ''Le Groupe Zoologique'' was refused.

Teilhard was nominated to the [[French Academy of Sciences]] in 1950. He was forbidden by his superiors to attend the International Congress of Paleontology in 1955. The Supreme Authority of the Holy Office, in a decree dated 15 November 1957, forbade the works of de Chardin to be retained in libraries, including those of [[religious institute]]s. His books were not to be sold in Catholic bookshops and were not to be translated into other languages.

Further resistance to Teilhard's work arose elsewhere. In April 1958, all Jesuit publications in Spain ("Razón y Fe", "Sal Terrae","Estudios de Deusto", etc.) carried a notice from the Spanish Provincial of the Jesuits that Teilhard's works had been published in Spanish without previous ecclesiastical examination and in defiance of the decrees of the Holy See. A decree of the Holy Office dated 30 June 1962, under the authority of [[Pope John XXIII]], warned:

{{blockquote|[I]t is obvious that in philosophical and theological matters, the said works [Teilhard's] are replete with ambiguities or rather with serious errors which offend Catholic doctrine. That is why... the Rev. Fathers of the Holy Office urge all Ordinaries, Superiors, and Rectors... to effectively protect, especially the minds of the young, against the dangers of the works of Fr. Teilhard de Chardin and his followers.<ref>AAS, 6 August 1962</ref>}}

The [[Diocese of Rome]] on 30 September 1963 required Catholic booksellers in Rome to withdraw his works as well as those that supported his views.<ref>The text of this decree was published in daily ''L’Aurore'' of Paris, dated 2 October 1963, and was reproduced in ''Nouvelles De Chrétienté'', 10 October 1963, p.&nbsp;35.</ref>