Editing Photograph (section)

==Legality==
{{Main|Photography and the law}}
The production or distribution of certain types of photograph has been forbidden under modern laws, such as those of government buildings,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/CurChinOrd/2CA179D1C0FB6AB58825648C0004F49E?OpenDocument |title=Hong Kong e-Legislation |publisher=[[Government of Hong Kong]] |access-date=20 September 2017 |archive-date=10 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010000533/http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/CurChinOrd/2CA179D1C0FB6AB58825648C0004F49E?OpenDocument |url-status=live }}</ref> highly classified regions,<ref>Masco, Joseph. ""Sensitive but Unclassified": Secrecy and the Counterterrorist State." Public Culture 22.3 (2010): 433–463.</ref> private property, [[copyright]]ed works,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Deazley |first=Ronan |title=Photography, copyright, and the South Kensington experiment |journal=Intellectual Property Quarterly |volume=3 |year=2010 |pages=293–311}}</ref><ref>Turnbull, Bruce H. "Important legal developments regarding protection of copyrighted content against unauthorized copying." IEEE Communications Magazine 39.8 (2001): 92–100.</ref> children's [[genitalia]],<ref>Slane, Andrea. "From scanning to sexting: The scope of protection of dignity-based privacy in Canadian child pornography law." Osgoode Hall Law Journal 48 (2010): 543.</ref> child pornography and less commonly [[pornography]] overall.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Taylor |first1=Max |last2=Quayle |first2=Ethel |last3=Holland |first3=Gemma  |title=Child pornography, the Internet and offending |journal=ISUMA - the Canadian Journal of Policy Research |volume=2 |issue=2 |year=2001 |pages=94–100}}</ref> These laws vary greatly between jurisdictions.

In some public property owned by government, such as law courts,<ref>{{cite web |title=Hong Kong e-Legislation |url=http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/CurChinOrd/2CA179D1C0FB6AB58825648C0004F49E?OpenDocument |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010000533/http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/CurChinOrd/2CA179D1C0FB6AB58825648C0004F49E?OpenDocument |archive-date=10 October 2016 |access-date=20 September 2017 |website=www.legislation.gov.hk}}</ref> government buildings, libraries, civic centres <ref>[http://www.legislation.gov.hk/provision?OpenAgent&lang=C&cap=132F&type=s&num=9C&date=01.01.2000 "Civic Centres Regulation"] Government of Hong Kong</ref><ref>[http://www.legislation.gov.hk/chi/home.htm?SearchTerm=%u651D%u5F71 "Civic Centres Regulation Filming"] Government of Hong Kong</ref> and some of the museums in Hong Kong, photography is not allowed without permission from the government. It is illegal to equip or take photographs and recording in a place of public entertainment, such as cinemas and indoor theaters.<ref>[http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/D2769881999F47B3482564840019D2F9/4E40071D1BE246DF48256A2300116317?OpenDocument "Prevention Of Copyright Piracy Ordinance"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009235442/http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/D2769881999F47B3482564840019D2F9/4E40071D1BE246DF48256A2300116317?OpenDocument|date=2016-10-09}} Government of Hong Kong</ref><ref>[http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/6799165D2FEE3FA94825755E0033E532/16761F09FAAFFF09482575EF00180699/$FILE/CAP_544_c_b5.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009235421/http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/6799165D2FEE3FA94825755E0033E532/16761F09FAAFFF09482575EF00180699/$FILE/CAP_544_c_b5.pdf|date=2016-10-09}} Government of Hong Kong</ref> In Hungary, from 15 March 2014 when the long-awaited Civil Code was published, the law re-stated what had been normal practice, namely, that a person had the right to refuse being photographed. However, [[implied consent]] exists: it is not illegal to photograph a person who does not actively object.<ref>{{cite web |title=Xpat Opinion: What's Up With The New Civil Code & Press Photographs? - Xpatloop.com - Expat Life In Budapest, Hungary - Current affairs |url=http://www.xpatloop.com/news/xpat_opinion_whats_up_with_the_new_civil_code_and_press_photographs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921050446/http://www.xpatloop.com/news/xpat_opinion_whats_up_with_the_new_civil_code_and_press_photographs |archive-date=21 September 2017 |access-date=20 September 2017 |website=www.xpatloop.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Nolan |first=Daniel |date=14 March 2014 |title=Hungary law requires photographers to ask permission to take pictures |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/14/hungary-law-photography-permission-take-pictures |url-status=live |access-date=20 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410140322/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/14/hungary-law-photography-permission-take-pictures |archive-date=10 April 2014}}</ref>

In [[South Africa]] photographing people in public is legal.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Burchell |first=Jonathan |year=2009 |title=The Legal Protection of Privacy in South Africa: A Transplantable Hybrid |url=https://www.ejcl.org//131/art131-2.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Electronic Journal of Comparative Law |volume=13 |issue=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207084836/http://www.ejcl.org/131/art131-2.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-07 |access-date=2017-03-02}}</ref> Reproducing and selling photographs of people is legal for editorial and limited fair use commercial purposes. There exists no case law to define what the limits on commercial use are. In the United Kingdom there are no laws forbidding photography of private property from a public place.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Photographers Rights And The Law In The UK - the law and photography |url=http://www.urban75.org/photos/photographers-rights-and-the-law.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202232924/http://www.urban75.org/photos/photographers-rights-and-the-law.html |archive-date=2021-12-02 |access-date=2017-01-19 |website=www.urban75.org}}</ref> Persistent and aggressive photography of a single individual may come under the legal definition of [[harassment]].<ref>''Linda Macpherson LL.B, Dip.L.P., LL.M'' – [http://www.sirimo.co.uk/ukpr.php The UK Photographers Rights Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428202818/http://www.sirimo.co.uk/ukpr.php/|date=2009-04-28}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">Mosley v News Group Newspapers Ltd [2008] EWHC 1777 (QB)</ref><ref>Campbell v Mirror Group Newspapers Ltd [2004] UKHL 22</ref><ref>Murray v Express Newspapers Plc [2008] EWCA Civ 446</ref> A [[right to privacy]] came into existence in UK law as a consequence of the incorporation of the [[European Convention on Human Rights]] into domestic law through the [[Human Rights Act 1998]]. This can result in restrictions on the publication of photography.<ref>[[Human Rights Act 1998]] sections 2 & 3</ref><ref>[[Human Rights Act 1998]] Schedule 1, Part 1, Article 8</ref>