Editing Philosemitism (section)

=== In the Americas ===

==== United States ====
[[Mark Twain]]'s essay ''[[Concerning the Jews]]'' has been described as philosemitic. Israeli scholar [[Bennet Kravitz]] states that one could just as easily hate Jews for the reasons Twain gives for admiring them. In fact, Twain's essay was cited by Nazi sympathizers in the 1930s. Kravitz concludes, "The flawed logic of 'Concerning the Jews' and all philo-Semitism leads to the anti-Semitic beliefs that the latter seeks to deflate".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kravitz |first1=Bennett |date=2002 |title=Philo-Semitism as Anti-Semitism in Mark Twain's "Concerning the Jews" |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41970387 |journal=Studies in Popular Culture |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=1–12 |issn=0888-5753 |jstor=41970387}}</ref> 

Philosemitic ideas have also been promoted by some American [[Evangelicalism|Evangelicals]] due to the influence of [[Dispensationalism]],<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Frey |first=Jörg |title=Anti-Judaism, Philosemitism, and Protestant New Testament Studies: Perspectives and Questions |date=2022-04-04 |work=Protestant Bible Scholarship: Antisemitism, Philosemitism and Anti-Judaism |pages=149–181 |url=https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004505155/BP000016.xml |access-date=2024-02-13 |publisher=Brill |language=en |isbn=978-90-04-50515-5}}</ref> with some interpretations being considered anti-semitic.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weil |first=Julie Zauzmer |date=2019-08-22 |title=How anti-Semitic beliefs have taken hold among some evangelical Christians |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/religion/2019/08/22/how-anti-semitic-beliefs-have-quietly-taken-hold-among-some-evangelical-christians/ |access-date=2025-04-25 |work=The Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286 |quote=Certain interpretations of Revelation say that Jewish presence in Israel is important for Christians, because it will take the homecoming of Jews to the land of Israel to bring about the return of the Messiah.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Antisemitic Face of Israel’s Evangelical Allies |url=https://jacobin.com/2022/02/israeli-us-evangelical-alliance-zionism-antisemitism |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=jacobin.com |language=en-US}}</ref>(compare also [[Zionist antisemitism#Right-wing and Christian Zionist antisemitism|Zionist antisemitism § Right-wing and Christian Zionist antisemitism]] and [[Christian Zionism]])

==== Brazil ====
A current of Jewish studies in [[Brazil]] has dedicated itself to studying the extent to which far-right politician [[Jair Bolsonaro]]'s professed philo-Semitism reproduces traces of antisemitism.<ref name="Gherman">{{Cite book |author=Gherman, Michel |title=O não-judeu judeu: A tentativa de colonização do judaísmo pelo bolsonarismo |url=https://www.fosforoeditora.com.br/catalogo/nao-judeu-judeu/ |language= |format= |edition= |location=São Paulo |publisher=Fósforo |year=2022 |page=9 |isbn=9786584568471 |access-date= |ref={{harvid|Gherman}}}}</ref> This perspective, based on a study of the speeches of Bolsonaro and his mentor, the writer [[Olavo de Carvalho]], suggests that the proclaimed sympathy of far-right sectors for the State of Israel and the Jews, often presented without distinction, reverberates antisemitic tropes in two ways. Firstly, by portraying Jews as a wealthy and powerful group. In this context, Jews are often depicted as pillars of capitalism, and therefore inherently hostile to the left.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gherman|page=132}}</ref> The second and most significant expression of antisemitism in the far right's sympathy for Judaism would be inspired by authors such as Rabbi [[Marvin Stuart Antelman]], and reaffirms conspiracy theories presenting left-wing Jews as a group seeking world domination, but which would ultimately undermine the Jewish nation itself.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gherman|pages=142, 145}}</ref> In this context, researchers demonstrate how the philo-Semitism of the Brazilian extreme right has been employed to divide the Jewish community. The designation of true Jews is thus reserved for those who espouse conservative or reactionary policies, while left-wing Jews are regarded as apostates or traitors.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gherman|page=149}}</ref>