Editing Peshawar (section)

=== Medieval history ===
[[File:ClockTower-peshawar.jpg|thumb|Clock Tower Peshawar]]
Until the mid seventh century, the residents of ancient Peshawar had a ruling elite of Central Asian [[Scythian]] descent,<ref name="autogenerated1962" /> who were then displaced by the [[Hindu Shahi]]s of Kabul.<ref name="autogenerated1962" />

Islam is believed to have been first introduced to the [[Buddhism|Buddhist]], [[Hindu]] and other indigenous inhabitants of Puruṣapura in the later seventh century.

As the first Pashtun tribe to settle the region, the [[Dilazak]] Pashtuns began settling in the Valley of Peshawar,<ref name="Muhammad Hayat Khan p 346-347">"Taareekh-e-Hazara" (Urdu) by Dr. Sher Bahadur Khan Panni_first edition_1969 p 295-313,"Taareekh-e-Wadi-e-Chhachh and Aqwaam-e-Chhachh" (Urdu) by Manzoor Awan p 175-182, "Afghanistan and its inhabitants" translation of Muhammad Hayat Khan's book by Henry B Priestley_1874 (reproduced by Sang-e-Meel Publications_Pakistan_1981) p-55/56, p- 197/198, "Da Pasto Qabeelo Shajre o Mene" (Pashto) by Muhammad Umar Rond Miakhel_2001 p 346-347</ref> and are believed to have settled regions up to the [[Indus River]] by the 11th century.<ref name="Muhammad Hayat Khan p 346-347" /> The Arab historian and geographer [[al-Masudi]] noted that by the mid tenth century, the city had become known as ''Parashāwar''.

==== Ghaznavid empire ====
{{Further|Battle of Peshawar (1001)}}
In 986–87 CE, Peshawar's first encounter with Muslim armies occurred when [[Sabuktigin]] invaded the area and fought the Hindu Shahis under their king, Anandpal.<ref name="bosworth" />

On 28 November 1001, Sabuktigin's son [[Mahmud Ghazni]] decisively defeated the army of [[Jayapala|Raja Jayapala]], son of Anandpal, at the [[Battle of Peshawar (1001)|Battle of Peshawar]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Bosworth |first=C.E. |title=The Ghaznavids 994–1040 |url=https://archive.org/details/ghaznavids0000unse |url-access=registration |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |date=1963}}</ref> and established rule of the [[Ghaznavid Empire]] in the Peshawar region.

During the Ghaznavid era, Peshawar served as an important stop between the Afghan plateau, and the Ghaznavid garrison city of [[Lahore]].<ref name="bosworth" /> During the tenth–12th century, Peshawar served as a headquarters for Hindu [[Nath]] Panthi Yogis,<ref name="Chandra" /> who in turn are believed to have extensively interacted with Muslim Sufi mystics.<ref name="Chandra" />

==== Delhi sultanate ====
In 1179–80, [[Muhammad Ghori]] captured Peshawar, though the city was then destroyed in the early 1200s at the hands of the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]].<ref name="bosworth" /> Peshawar was an important regional centre under the [[Lodi dynasty]] of [[Delhi Sultanate]].

Several Pashtun tribe began settling rural regions around Peshawar in the late 15th and 16th centuries.<ref name="G.P.Tate 1911 Page 12">"The Kingdom of Afghanistan – A Historical Sketch" by G.P.Tate (1911), Reproduced by 'Indus Publications' (1973) Page 12 (Foot Note)</ref> The Ghoryakhel and Khashi ''Khel'' tribe pushed the [[Dilazak]] Pashtun tribes east of the Indus River following a battle in 1515 near the city of [[Mardan]].<ref name="G.P.Tate 1911 Page 12" />