Editing Pencil (section)

==Types==
===By marking material===
[[File:Speciality artists pencils 051907.jpg|right|thumb|Two solid, or "woodless", graphite pencils, two charcoal pencils, and two grease pencils]]
[[File:Colored-Pencils.jpg|thumb|right|Coloured pencils]]
[[File:3 promotional pencils (ubt).JPG|thumb|Promotional pencils]]

====Graphite====
Graphite pencils are the most common types of pencil, and are encased in wood. They are made of a mixture of [[clay]] and [[graphite]] and their darkness varies from light grey to black. Their composition allows for the smoothest strokes.

====Solid====
Solid graphite pencils are solid sticks of graphite and clay composite (as found in a 'graphite pencil'), about the diameter of a common pencil, which have no casing other than a wrapper or label. They are often called "woodless" pencils. They are used primarily for art purposes as the lack of casing allows for covering larger spaces more easily, creating different effects, and providing greater economy as the entirety of the pencil is used. They are available in the same darkness range as wood-encased graphite pencils.

====Liquid====
Liquid graphite pencils are pencils that write like [[pen]]s. The technology was first invented in 1955 by [[Scripto]] and [[Parker Pens]]. Scripto's liquid graphite formula came out about three months before Parker's liquid lead formula. To avoid a lengthy patent fight the two companies agreed to share their formulas.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://parkerpens.net/liquidlead.html | title=Vintage Pen Blog | publisher=GoPens.com | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906034612/https://parkerpens.net/liquidlead.html | archive-date=6 September 2017 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

====Charcoal====
Charcoal pencils are made of [[charcoal]] and provide fuller blacks than graphite pencils, but tend to smudge easily and are more abrasive than graphite. Sepia-toned and white pencils are also available for [[duotone]] techniques.

====Carbon pencils====
Carbon pencils are generally made of a mixture of clay and [[lamp black]], but are sometimes blended with charcoal or graphite depending on the darkness and manufacturer. They produce a fuller black than graphite pencils, are smoother than charcoal, and have minimal dust and smudging. They also blend very well, much like charcoal.

====Colored====
[[Colored pencil]]s, or pencil crayons, have wax-like cores with pigment and other fillers. Several colors are sometimes blended together.<ref name="wax pencil">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609001054/http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/waac/wn/wn19/wn19-3/wn19-308.html Categories of Wax-Based Drawing Media], palimpsest.stanford.edu</ref>

====Grease====
[[Grease pencil]]s can write on virtually any surface (including glass, plastic, metal and photographs). The most commonly found grease pencils are encased in paper (Berol and Sanford Peel-off), but they can also be encased in wood (Staedtler Omnichrom).<ref name="wax pencil" />

====Watercolor====
Watercolor pencils are designed for use with [[watercolor]] techniques. Their cores can be diluted by water. The pencils can be used by themselves for sharp, bold lines. Strokes made by the pencil can also be saturated with water and spread with brushes.<ref name="wax pencil" />

===By use===
====Carpentry====
[[Carpenter's pencil]]s are pencils that have two main properties: their shape prevents them from rolling, and their graphite is strong.<ref>{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.pencilpages.com/articles/carpentr.htm
 |first=Doug|last=Martin
 |year        = 2000
 |title       = Carpenter's Pencils
 |publisher   = Pencilpages.com
 |access-date  = 23 July 2009
 |url-status     = live
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090227043613/http://pencilpages.com/articles/carpentr.htm
 |archive-date = 27 February 2009
 |df          = dmy-all
}}</ref> The oldest surviving pencil is a German carpenter's pencil dating from the 17th Century and now in the Faber-Castell collection.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080430183938/http://www.faber-castell.com.au/docs/default-news.asp?id=19463&domid=1010&sp=E&addlastid=&m1=14248&m2=16959&m3=19364&m4=19463 "History Pencils & Historic Packaging"]. Faber Castell Australia</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.pencilpages.com/gallery/oldest.htm
 |title       = Oldest Known Pencil in Existence
 |publisher   = Pencilpages.com
 |access-date  = 23 July 2009
 |url-status     = live
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090220153349/http://pencilpages.com/gallery/oldest.htm
 |archive-date = 20 February 2009
 |df          = dmy-all
}}</ref>

====Copying====
[[File:Censored mail Spain Australia 1943.jpg|right|thumb|Obliteration by indelible pencil to censor mail in 1943]]

[[Copying pencil]]s (or indelible pencils) are graphite pencils with an added dye that creates an indelible mark. They were invented in the late 19th century for [[Printing press|press]] copying and as a practical substitute for fountain pens. Their markings are often visually indistinguishable from those of standard graphite pencils, but when moistened their markings dissolve into a coloured ink, which is then pressed into another piece of paper. They were widely used until the mid-20th century when ball pens slowly replaced them. In Italy their use is still mandated by law for voting paper ballots in elections and referendums.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senato.it/istituzione/108452/152259/genpagspalla.htm |title=L. 6 febbraio 1948, n. 29 |access-date=1 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009001506/http://www.senato.it/istituzione/108452/152259/genpagspalla.htm |archive-date=9 October 2012 }}</ref>

====Eyeliner====
[[Eye liner]] pencils are used for make-up. Unlike traditional copying pencils, eyeliner pencils usually contain non-toxic dyes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ulta.com/gel-eyeliner-pencil?productId=xlsImpprod4370701 |title=Gel Eyeliner Pencil by ULTA |access-date=15 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117001354/http://www.ulta.com/gel-eyeliner-pencil?productId=xlsImpprod4370701 |archive-date=17 November 2017 }}</ref>

====Erasable coloring====
Unlike wax-based colored pencils, the erasable variants can be easily erased. Their main use is in sketching, where the objective is to create an outline using the same color that other media (such as wax pencils, or watercolor paints) would fill<ref>{{cite web
 |url        = http://www.mccannas.com/sketch/supply.htm
 |archive-url = https://archive.today/20130128105255/http://www.mccannas.com/sketch/supply.htm
 |url-status   = dead
 |archive-date = 28 January 2013
 |title      = Art Supplies
 |publisher  = Mccannas.com
 |access-date = 23 July 2009
}}</ref> or when the objective is to scan the color sketch.<ref>{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.digitalartsonline.co.uk/tutorials/index.cfm?FeatureID=1625
 |title       = Sketch to Paint in Photoshop
 |publisher   = Digitalartsonline.co.uk
 |access-date  = 23 July 2009
 |url-status     = live
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090227140128/http://www.digitalartsonline.co.uk/tutorials/index.cfm?FeatureID=1625
 |archive-date = 27 February 2009
 |df          = dmy-all
}}</ref> Some animators prefer erasable color pencils as opposed to graphite pencils because they do not smudge as easily, and the different colors allow for better separation of objects in the sketch.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://smacktalk.smackjeeves.com/03-paperpencilserasers |title=Tools of the Trade Papers Pencils and Erases |publisher=smackjeeves.com |access-date=23 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708213710/http://smacktalk.smackjeeves.com/03-paperpencilserasers |archive-date=8 July 2007 }}</ref> Copy-editors find them useful too as markings stand out more than those of graphite, but can be erased.

====Non-reproduction====
Also known as [[non-photo blue]] pencils, the non-reproducing types make marks that are not reproducible by photocopiers<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.epinions.com/review/Sanford_Col_erase_Copy_not_colored_pencil_20028_blue/content_285308063364
 |title=Sanford Col-Erase Copy Not Pencils-You Can't Copy This Baby!
 |publisher=Epinions.com
 |access-date=23 July 2009
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080524004821/http://www.epinions.com/review/Sanford_Col_erase_Copy_not_colored_pencil_20028_blue/content_285308063364
 |archive-date=24 May 2008
}}</ref> (examples include "Copy-not" by Sanford and "Mars Non-photo" by Staedtler) or by [[whiteprint]] copiers (such as "Mars Non-Print" by Staedtler).

====Stenography====
[[Shorthand|Stenographer]]'s pencils, also known as a '''steno pencil''', are expected to be very reliable, and their lead is break-proof. Nevertheless, steno pencils are sometimes sharpened at both ends to enhance reliability. They are round to avoid pressure pain during long texts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.penciltalk.org/2006/06/reporter-pencils |title=Paper and Pencil Blog 'Reporter Pencils' |publisher=Penciltalk.org |access-date=23 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728175447/http://www.penciltalk.org/2006/06/reporter-pencils |archive-date=28 July 2014 }}</ref>

====Golf====
Golf pencils are usually short (a common length is {{Convert|9|cm|abbr=on|disp=or}}) and very cheap. They are also known as '''library pencils''', as many libraries offer them as disposable writing instruments with scratch paper to make notes, such as looking up materials in the [[Library catalog#card|card catalog]] to note their location.

===By shape===
* Triangular (more accurately a [[Reuleaux triangle]])
* Hexagonal (hex and semi-hex)
* Round
* Bendable (flexible plastic)

===By size===
====Typical====
A standard, hexagonal, "#2 pencil" is cut to a hexagonal height of {{convert|1/4|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}, but the outer diameter is slightly larger (about {{convert|9/32|in|mm|0|abbr=on|order=flip|disp=or}})
A standard, "#2", hexagonal pencil is {{convert|19|cm||abbr=on}} long.

====Biggest====
On 3 September 2007, [[Ashrita Furman]] unveiled his giant US$20,000 pencil – {{convert|76|ft|m|order=flip}} long, {{convert|18000|lb|kg|order=flip}} with over {{convert|4500|lb|kg|order=flip}} for the graphite centre – after three weeks of creation in August 2007 as a birthday gift for teacher [[Sri Chinmoy]]. It is longer than the {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=on|order=flip}} pencil outside the Malaysia HQ of stationers Faber-Castell.<ref>[http://www.pencilpages.com/gallery/largest.htm World's largest pencil] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229044243/http://www.pencilpages.com/gallery/largest.htm |date=29 December 2008 }}. The Pencil Pages.</ref><ref>[http://www.srichinmoybio.co.uk/news/ashrita-furman/worlds-largest-pencil-unveiled-in-new-york/ World's largest pencil unveiled in New York] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517160754/http://www.srichinmoybio.co.uk/news/ashrita-furman/worlds-largest-pencil-unveiled-in-new-york/ |date=17 May 2017 }}. Sri Chinmoy News.</ref><ref>[http://www.metacafe.com/watch/835380/worlds_largest_pencil/ World's largest pencil] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105115204/http://www.metacafe.com/watch/835380/worlds_largest_pencil/ |date=5 January 2009 }} (video). Metacafe.com.</ref>

===By manufacture===
====Mechanical====
[[File:Mechanical pencil lead spilling out 051907.jpg|thumb|right|Lead for mechanical pencils]] [[File:Biegsame Bleistifte (fcm).jpg|thumb|Flexible pencils]]
[[Mechanical pencil]]s use mechanical methods to push lead through a hole at the end. These can be divided into two groups: with propelling pencils an internal mechanism is employed to push the lead out from an internal compartment, while clutch pencils merely hold the lead in place (the lead is extended by releasing it and allowing some external force, usually gravity, to pull it out of the body). The erasers (sometimes replaced by a sharpener on pencils with larger lead sizes) are also removable (and thus replaceable), and usually cover a place to store replacement leads. Mechanical pencils are popular for their longevity and the fact that they may never need sharpening. Lead types are based on grade and size; with standard sizes being {{Convert|2.00|mm|abbr=on}}, {{Convert|1.40|mm|abbr=on}}, {{Convert|1.00|mm|abbr=on}}, {{Convert|0.70|mm|abbr=on}}, {{Convert|0.50|mm|abbr=on}}, {{Convert|0.35|mm|abbr=on}}, {{Convert|0.25|mm|abbr=on}}, {{Convert|0.18|mm|abbr=on}}, and {{Convert|0.13|mm|abbr=on}} ([http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=16778 ISO 9175-1])—the {{Convert|0.90|mm|abbr=on}} size is available, but is not considered a standard ISO size.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}}

====Pop a Point====
Pioneered by Taiwanese stationery manufacturer Bensia Pioneer Industrial Corporation in the early 1970s, Pop a Point Pencils are also known as '''Bensia Pencils''', stackable pencils or non-sharpening pencils. It is a type of pencil where many short pencil tips are housed in a cartridge-style plastic holder. A blunt tip is removed by pulling it from the writing end of the body and re-inserting it into the open-ended bottom of the body, thereby pushing a new tip to the top.

====Plastic====
Invented by Harold Grossman<ref>Grossman, Harold. [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN/3360489 US Patent 3,360,489], issued 26 December 1967</ref> for the Empire Pencil Company in 1967, plastic pencils were subsequently improved upon by Arthur D. Little for Empire from 1969 through the early 1970s; the plastic pencil was commercialised by Empire as the "EPCON" Pencil. These pencils were co-extruded, extruding a plasticised graphite mix within a wood-composite core.<ref>[http://adlittlechronicles.blogspot.com/2008/07/epcon-plastic-pencil.html The Epcon Plastic Pencil] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708022148/http://adlittlechronicles.blogspot.com/2008/07/epcon-plastic-pencil.html |date=8 July 2011 }}, adlittlechronicles.blogspot.com, for information about this invention.</ref>

===Other aspects===
* By factory state: sharpened, unsharpened
* By casing material: wood, paper, plastic
* The [[P&P Office Waste Paper Processor]] recycles paper into pencils<ref name="dynamic inventions">{{cite web | url=http://dynamicinventions.com/pp-office-waste-processor/# | title=P&P Office Waste Processor | publisher=Dynamic Inventions | date=11 March 2013 | accessdate=12 January 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113141724/http://dynamicinventions.com/pp-office-waste-processor/ | archive-date=13 January 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref>