Editing Pattern (section)

== Art and architecture ==
{{further|Mathematics and art|Mathematics and architecture}}

=== Tilings ===
[[File:Enderun library Topkapi 42.JPG|thumb|Elaborate ceramic tiles at [[Topkapi Palace]]]]
{{further|Tessellation|Tile}}

In visual art, pattern consists in regularity which in some way "organizes surfaces or structures in a consistent, regular manner." At its simplest, a pattern in art may be a geometric or other repeating shape in a [[painting]], [[drawing]], [[tapestry]], ceramic [[Tile|tiling]] or [[carpet]], but a pattern need not necessarily repeat exactly as long as it provides some form or organizing "skeleton" in the artwork.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://char.txa.cornell.edu/language/element/pattern/pattern.htm | title=Art, Design, and Visual Thinking | publisher=Cornell University | work=Pattern | year=1995 | access-date=12 December 2012 | author=Jirousek, Charlotte}}</ref> In mathematics, a [[tessellation]] is the tiling of a plane using one or more geometric shapes (which mathematicians call tiles), with no overlaps and no gaps.<ref name=Grunbaum>{{cite book|last=Grünbaum|first=Branko|title=Tilings and Patterns|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0716711931|url-access=registration|year=1987|publisher=W. H. Freeman|location=New York|author2=Shephard, G. C.|isbn=9780716711933}}</ref>

===In architecture===
[[Image:Hampi1.jpg|thumb|upright|Patterns in architecture: the Virupaksha temple at Hampi has a [[fractal]]-like structure where the parts resemble the whole.]]
{{main|Pattern (architecture)|Mathematics and architecture}}

In architecture, [[Motif (visual arts)|motifs]] are repeated in various ways to form patterns. Most simply, structures such as windows can be repeated horizontally and vertically (see leading picture). Architects can use and repeat decorative and structural elements such as [[column]]s, [[pediment]]s, and [[lintel]]s.<ref>{{cite book | title=A History of Western Art | publisher=McGraw Hill | author=Adams, Laurie | year=2001 | page=99}}</ref> Repetitions need not be identical; for example, temples in South India have a roughly pyramidal form, where elements of the pattern repeat in a [[fractal]]-like way at different sizes.<ref>{{cite book | title=Heaven's Fractal Net: Retrieving Lost Visions in the Humanities | publisher=Indiana University Press | author=Jackson, William Joseph | year=2004 | page=2}}</ref>
[[File:Evening columns Zeus temple Athens.jpg|thumb|Patterns in Architecture: the columns of Zeus's temple in Athens]]
{{See also|pattern book}}