Editing Orgasm (section)

=== Male ===

==== Variability ====

In men, the most common way of achieving orgasm is by physical sexual stimulation<!-- NOTE: "Sexual stimulation" can mean or include non-physical stimulation; because it takes physical sexual stimulation of the genitals for most people to orgasm, the wording "physical sexual stimulation" is more accurate than "sexual stimulation." --> of the [[Human penis|penis]].<ref name="Rosenthal" /> This is usually accompanied by [[ejaculation]], but it is possible, though rare, for men to orgasm without ejaculation (known as a "dry orgasm").<ref name="Crooks and Baur" /> [[Preadolescence|Prepubescent]] boys have dry orgasms.<ref name="Carroll, prepubescent boys">{{cite book |vauthors = Carroll JL |title = Sexuality Now: Embracing Diversity |isbn = 978-1-111-83581-1 |publisher = [[Cengage]] |date = 2012 |pages = 147 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RY0n2CGS5EcC&pg=PT191 |access-date = April 15, 2019 |archive-date = February 27, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230227055149/https://books.google.com/books?id=RY0n2CGS5EcC&pg=PT191 |url-status = live }}</ref> Dry orgasms can also occur as a result of [[retrograde ejaculation]],<ref name="E. Jones">{{cite book |vauthors = Jones RE, Lopez KH |title = Human Reproductive Biology |isbn = 978-0-12-382185-0 |publisher = [[Academic Press]] |date = 2013 |page = 146 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=M4kEdSnS-pkC&pg=PA146 |access-date = April 15, 2019 |archive-date = February 27, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230227055152/https://books.google.com/books?id=M4kEdSnS-pkC&pg=PA146 |url-status = live }}</ref> or [[hypogonadism]].<ref name="Mulhall">{{cite book |vauthors = Mulhall JP, Incrocci L, Goldstein I, Rosen R |title = Cancer and Sexual Health |isbn = 978-1-60761-916-1 |publisher = [[Springer Science & Business Media]] |date = 2011 |page = 41 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=GpIadil3YsQC&pg=PA41 |access-date = April 15, 2019 |archive-date = February 27, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230227055205/https://books.google.com/books?id=GpIadil3YsQC&pg=PA41 |url-status = live }}</ref> Men may also ejaculate without reaching orgasm,<ref name="Mulhall" /><ref name="Peterson">{{cite book |vauthors = Peterson D |title = The Wiley Handbook of Sex Therapy |isbn = 978-1-118-51041-4 |publisher = [[John Wiley & Sons]] |date = 2017 |page = 182 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qk1aDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT182 |access-date = April 15, 2019 |archive-date = February 27, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230227055206/https://books.google.com/books?id=qk1aDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT182 |url-status = live }}</ref> which is known as [[anorgasmia|anorgasmic ejaculation]].<ref name="Peterson" /> They may also achieve orgasm by stimulation of the [[prostate]] ([[#Anal and prostate stimulation|see below]]).<ref name="Rosenthal" /><ref name="Wibowo">{{cite journal |title = Multiple Orgasms in Men—What We Know So Far |url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293195654 |last1 = Wibowo |first1 = Erik |last2 = Wassersug |first2 = Richard J. |date = 2016 |journal = Sexual Medicine Reviews |volume = 4 |issue = 2 |doi = 10.1016/j.sxmr.2015.12.004 |pmid = 27872023 |pages = 136–148 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170111023132/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293195654_Multiple_Orgasms_in_Men-What_We_Know_So_Far |archive-date = January 11, 2017 }}</ref>

==== Two-stage model ====

The traditional view of male orgasm is that there are two stages: emission accompanying orgasm, almost instantly followed by a refractory period. The refractory period is the recovery phase after orgasm during which it is physiologically impossible for a man to have additional orgasms.<ref name="Morrow">{{cite book |author = Ross Morrow |title = Sex Research and Sex Therapy: A Sociological Analysis of Masters and Johnson |publisher = [[Routledge]] |date = 2013 |page = 91 |isbn = 978-1-134-13465-6 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wqG07-UF0yoC&pg=PA91 |access-date = April 15, 2019 |archive-date = February 27, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230227055216/https://books.google.com/books?id=wqG07-UF0yoC&pg=PA91 |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="Carroll, Refractory period">{{cite book |author = Janell L. Carroll |title = Sexuality Now: Embracing Diversity |publisher = [[Cengage]] |date = 2015 |page = 275 |isbn = 978-1-305-44603-8 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cy9-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT275 |access-date = April 15, 2019 |archive-date = February 27, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230227055226/https://books.google.com/books?id=cy9-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT275 |url-status = live }}</ref> In 1966, Masters and Johnson published pivotal research about the phases of sexual stimulation.<ref name="M&J">{{Cite book |publisher = Little, Brown |isbn = 978-0-316-54987-5 |page = [https://archive.org/details/humansexualrespo00will/page/366 366] |last1 = Masters |first1 = William H. |first2 = Virginia E. |last2 = Johnson |author3 = Reproductive Biology Research Foundation (U.S.) |title = Human Sexual Response |date = 1966 |url = https://archive.org/details/humansexualrespo00will/page/366 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title = Masters and Johnson |url = http://health.discovery.com/centers/sex/sexpedia/mandj.html |publisher = The Discovery Channel |access-date = May 28, 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060518002107/http://health.discovery.com/centers/sex/sexpedia/mandj.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = May 18, 2006 |url-status = dead }}</ref> Their work included women and men and—unlike Kinsey in 1948 and 1953<ref name="Andersen">{{cite book |title = Sociology: Understanding a Diverse Society |isbn = 978-0-495-00742-5 |publisher = [[Cengage]] |date = 2007 |page = 338 |access-date = January 3, 2012 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=UILcQZS6Bi4C&pg=PA338 |author1 = Margaret L. Andersen |author2 = Howard Francis Taylor }}</ref>—tried to determine the physiological stages before and after orgasm.

Masters and Johnson state in the first stage, "accessory organs contract and the male can feel the ejaculation coming; two to three seconds later the ejaculation occurs, which the man cannot constrain, delay, or in any way control" and in the second stage, "the male feels pleasurable contractions during ejaculation, reporting greater pleasure tied to a greater volume of ejaculate".<ref name="Dunn">{{Cite journal |author = Dunn ME, Trost JE |title = Male multiple orgasms: a descriptive study |journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior |volume = 18 |issue = 5 |pages = 377–87 |date = October 1989 |pmid = 2818169 |doi = 10.1007/BF01541970 |last2 = Trost |s2cid = 13647953 }}</ref> They report "for the man the resolution phase includes a superimposed refractory period" and "many males below the age of 30, but relatively few thereafter, have the ability to ejaculate frequently and are subject to only very short refractory periods during the resolution phase". Masters and Johnson equate male orgasm and ejaculation and maintain the necessity for a refractory period between orgasms.<ref name="Dunn" />

==== Multiplicity ====

There has been little scientific study of multiple orgasms in men.<ref name="Wibowo" /> Dunn and Trost define multiple male orgasms as "two or more orgasms with or without ejaculation and without, or with only very limited, de-tumescence (loss of erection) during one and the same sexual encounter".<ref name="Crooks and Baur" /> Although it is rare for men to achieve multiple orgasms,<ref name="Rosenthal" /><ref name="Schill">{{cite book |vauthors = Schill WB, Comhaire FH, Hargreave TM |title = Andrology for the Clinician |isbn = 0-495-81294-3 |publisher = [[Springer Science & Business Media]] |date = 2006 |pages = 105 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5Ts_AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA105 |access-date = April 15, 2019 |archive-date = February 27, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230227055229/https://books.google.com/books?id=5Ts_AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA105 |url-status = live }}</ref> some men have reported having multiple consecutive orgasms, particularly without ejaculation.<ref name="Crooks and Baur" /> There may not be an obvious refractory period, and the final orgasm may cause a refractory period.<ref name="Wibowo" /> Multiple orgasms are more commonly reported in very young men than in older men.<ref name="Crooks and Baur" /> In younger men, the refractory period may only last a few minutes but last more than an hour in older men.<ref name="E. Jones" />

An increased infusion of [[oxytocin]] during ejaculation is believed to be chiefly responsible for the refractory period, and the amount by which oxytocin is increased may affect the length of each refractory period.<ref>Panksepp, Jaak (2004). ''Textbook of biological psychiatry.'' [[John Wiley & Sons|Wiley-IEEE]]. p. 129.</ref> A scientific study to successfully document natural, fully ejaculatory, multiple orgasms in an adult man was conducted at Rutgers University in 1995. During the study, six fully ejaculatory orgasms were experienced in 36 minutes, with no apparent refractory period.<ref name="Rosenthal" />