Editing Ohio (section)

===21st century===
Ohio's economy has undergone significant change in the 21st century, as the trend of [[deindustrialization]] has greatly impacted the [[Midwestern United States|American Midwest]] and the [[Rust Belt]]. Manufacturing in the Midwest experienced a stark decline during the early 21st century,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last1=Arden |first1=Scott |last2=DeCarlo |first2=Christopher |date=November 2021 |title=Exploring Midwest manufacturing employment from 1990 to 2019 |url=https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2021/article/exploring-midwest-manufacturing-employment-from-1990-to-2019.htm |access-date=February 21, 2023 |website=www.bls.gov |publisher=[[Bureau of Labor Statistics]] |language=en-us |archive-date=February 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221203210/https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2021/article/exploring-midwest-manufacturing-employment-from-1990-to-2019.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> a trend that greatly impacted Ohio. From 1990 to 2019, it lost over 300,000 manufacturing jobs, but added over 1,000,000 non-manufacturing jobs.<ref name=":0" /> Coinciding with this decline, Ohio has seen a large decline in union membership: 17.4% of Ohioan workers were union members in 2000, while 12.8% were union members in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Union Membership Historical Table for Ohio : Midwest Information Office |url=https://www.bls.gov/regions/midwest/data/unionmembershiphistorical_ohio_table.htm |access-date=February 21, 2023 |website=www.bls.gov |publisher=[[Bureau of Labor Statistics]] |language=en |archive-date=February 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221203211/https://www.bls.gov/regions/midwest/data/unionmembershiphistorical_ohio_table.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the wake of these economic changes, Ohio's state government has looked to promoting new industries to offset manufacturing losses, such as the production of [[solar energy]] and [[electric vehicle]]s.<ref>{{cite web |last=Woody |first=Todd |date=November 23, 2009 |title=Solar energy industry brings a ray of hope to the Rust Belt |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-nov-23-la-fi-rustbelt-greenbelt23-2009nov23-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417072333/http://articles.latimes.com/2009/nov/23/business/la-fi-rustbelt-greenbelt23-2009nov23 |archive-date=April 17, 2017 |access-date=August 17, 2017 |via=LA Times}}</ref> One major program the state government launched was the "Third Frontier" program, created during the governorship of [[Bob Taft]], which aimed to increase investment in Ohio and boost its technology sector.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ohio Third Frontier – History |url=http://www.development.ohio.gov/ohiothirdfrontier/History.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006045824/http://www.development.ohio.gov/OhioThirdFrontier/History.htm |archive-date=October 6, 2010 |access-date=August 17, 2017 |website=Ohio.gov}}</ref> As of 2010, the Ohio Department of Development attributes the creation of 9,500 jobs to this program, with an average salary of $65,000,<ref name="TF">{{cite press release |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ohio-third-frontier-continues-to-create-jobs-and-opportunities-for-ohioans-90364764.html |title=Ohio Third Frontier Continues to Create Jobs and Opportunities for Ohioans |publisher=Ohio Business Development Coalition |website=PRNewswire |access-date=August 17, 2017 |archive-date=August 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818005812/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ohio-third-frontier-continues-to-create-jobs-and-opportunities-for-ohioans-90364764.html |url-status=live}}</ref> while having a $6.6 billion economic impact with a [[return on investment]] of 9:1.<ref name="TF" /> In 2010 the state won the [[International Economic Development Council]]'s Excellence in Economic Development Award, celebrated as a national model of success.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}

Ohio's economy was also heavily afflicted by the [[Great Recession]], as the state's [[Unemployment|unemployment rate]] rose from 5.6% in the first two months of 2008 up to a peak of 11.1% in December 2009 and January 2010.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |date=January 1, 1976 |title=Unemployment Rate in Ohio |url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/OHUR |access-date=February 21, 2023 |website=FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis |archive-date=February 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221155857/https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/OHUR |url-status=live }}</ref> It took until August 2014 for the unemployment rate to return to 5.6%.<ref name=":1" /> From December 2007 to September 2010, Ohio lost 376,500 jobs.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 12, 2010 |title=Ohio has endured decade of job losses |url=http://www.dispatch.com/live/content/business/stories/2010/09/12/ohio-has-endured-decade-of-job-losses.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005052748/http://www.dispatch.com/live/content/business/stories/2010/09/12/ohio-has-endured-decade-of-job-losses.html |archive-date=October 5, 2010 |access-date=August 17, 2017 |website=Dispatch.com }}</ref> In 2009, Ohio had 89,053 foreclosures filings, a then-record for the state.<ref>{{cite web |last=Grzegorek |first=Vince |date=May 20, 2010 |title=We're Number One: Cuyahoga Leads Ohio Foreclosures... Again |url=http://www.clevescene.com/scene-and-heard/archives/2010/05/20/were-number-one-cuyahoga-leads-ohio-foreclosures-again |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818090050/https://www.clevescene.com/scene-and-heard/archives/2010/05/20/were-number-one-cuyahoga-leads-ohio-foreclosures-again |archive-date=August 18, 2017 |access-date=August 17, 2017 |website=CleveScene.com}}</ref> The median household income dropped 7% from 2006–07 to 2008–09, and the poverty rate ballooned to 13.5% by 2009.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 2010 |title=Ohio's poverty, uninsured rates up; median income drops sharply |url=http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2010/09/ohios_poverty_uninsured_rates.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818012409/http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2010/09/ohios_poverty_uninsured_rates.html |archive-date=August 18, 2017 |access-date=August 17, 2017 |website=Cleveland.com}}</ref> By 2015, Ohio [[gross domestic product]] was $608.1 billion, the [[List of U.S. states by Gross State Product (GSP)|seventh-largest economy among the 50 states]].<ref name="LSC2016">[http://www.lsc.ohio.gov/fiscal/ohiofacts/2016/economy.pdf Ohio Facts 2016: Ohio's Economy Ranks 7th Largest Among States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131050344/http://www.lsc.ohio.gov/fiscal/ohiofacts/2016/economy.pdf |date=January 31, 2017 }}, Ohio Legislative Service Commission.</ref> In 2015, Ohio's total GDP accounted for 3.4% of U.S. GDP and 0.8% of world GDP.<ref name="LSC2016" />

Politically, Ohio has been long regarded as a [[swing state]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Fahey |first=Kevin |date=September 2, 2021 |title=What Happened?: The 2020 election confirmed that Ohio is no longer a swing state. |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2021/09/02/what-happened-the-2020-election-confirmed-that-ohio-is-no-longer-a-swing-state/ |access-date=February 21, 2023 |website=blogs.lse.ac.uk |archive-date=February 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221203210/https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2021/09/02/what-happened-the-2020-election-confirmed-that-ohio-is-no-longer-a-swing-state/ |url-status=live }}</ref> but the success of many [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] candidates in Ohio since the late 2000s has led many to question whether Ohio remains an electoral battleground.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last1=LeBlanc |first1=Paul |last2=Diaz |first2=Daniella |date=December 4, 2022 |title=Sen. Sherrod Brown says Ohio is still a swing state ahead of 2024 election {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/04/politics/sherrod-brown-ohio-2024-swing-state-cnntv/index.html |access-date=February 21, 2023 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=February 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221203211/https://www.cnn.com/2022/12/04/politics/sherrod-brown-ohio-2024-swing-state-cnntv/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gangitano |first=Alex |date=September 9, 2022 |title=Ohio shows signs of becoming swing state again for Democrats |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/3635032-democrats-aim-to-make-ohio-a-swing-state-again/ |access-date=February 21, 2023 |website=The Hill |language=en-US |archive-date=February 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221203210/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/3635032-democrats-aim-to-make-ohio-a-swing-state-again/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On March 9, 2020, the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] reached Ohio, with three cases reported.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=April 1, 2020 |title=Ohio Coronavirus Map and Case Count |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/ohio-covid-cases.html |access-date=February 22, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222003328/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/ohio-covid-cases.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As of February 2023, over 41,600 Ohioans have died from COVID-19.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Coronavirus (Covid-19) |url=https://coronavirus.ohio.gov/home |access-date=February 22, 2023 |website=coronavirus.ohio.gov |publisher=[[Ohio Department of Health]] |archive-date=February 22, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222102033/https://coronavirus.ohio.gov/home |url-status=live }}</ref> Ohio's economy was also heavily impacted by the pandemic, as the state saw large job losses in 2020, as well as large amounts of subsequent [[Stimulus (economics)|stimulus spending]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ellerbrock |first1=Matthew |last2=Demko |first2=Iryna |last3=Lendel |first3=Iryna |last4=Henrichsen |first4=Erica |date=March 1, 2021 |title=Economic Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Ohio |url=https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/urban_facpub/1730 |journal=All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications |pages=1–7 |access-date=February 22, 2023 |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405072405/https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/urban_facpub/1730/ |url-status=live }}</ref>