Editing Notre-Dame de Paris (section)

===2019 fire===
{{main|Notre-Dame fire}}

On 15 April 2019 the cathedral caught fire, destroying the flèche and the "forest" of oak roof beams supporting the lead roof.<ref name="partofspirecollapses">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/15/world/europe/notre-dame-fire.html|title=Part of Notre-Dame Spire Collapses as Paris Cathedral Catches Fire|last=Breeden|first=Aurelien|date=15 April 2019|work=The New York Times|access-date=15 April 2019|url-access=limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415174607/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/15/world/europe/notre-dame-fire.html|archive-date=15 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=fire1>{{cite news |last= Seiger |first= Theresa |title=Fire reported at Paris' Notre Dame cathedral |url= https://www.ajc.com/news/national/fire-reported-paris-notre-dame-cathedral/ukKe051QWt0d21wFgEhWbP |newspaper= The Atlanta Journal-Constitution |access-date=15 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415172949/https://www.ajc.com/news/national/fire-reported-paris-notre-dame-cathedral/ukKe051QWt0d21wFgEhWbP |archive-date=15 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="fire2">{{cite web |url= https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/15/paris-notre-dame-cathedral-on-fire-reuters.html |title= Roof burns at Paris' Notre Dame Cathedral as massive fire rages |last= El-Bawab |first= Nadine |date=15 April 2019 |website= CNBC |access-date=15 April 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190415172554/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/15/paris-notre-dame-cathedral-on-fire-reuters.html |archive-date=15 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> It was speculated that the fire was linked to ongoing renovation work.

The fire broke out in the attic of the cathedral at 18:18, investigators concluded. The [[smoke detector]]s immediately signalled the fire to a cathedral employee, who did not summon the [[fire brigade]] but instead sent a cathedral guard to investigate. The guard was sent to the wrong location, to the attic of the adjoining sacristy, and reported there was no fire. About 15 minutes later the error was discovered and the guard's supervisor told him to go to the correct location. The fire brigade was still not notified. By the time the guard had climbed the 300 steps to the cathedral attic, the fire was well advanced.<ref name="New York Times 2019">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/07/16/world/europe/notre-dame.html|title=Notre-Dame came far closer to collapsing than people knew. This is how it was saved.|last1=Peltier|first1=Elian|date=16 July 2019|work=The New York Times|access-date=15 November 2019|last2=Glanz|first2=James|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|last3=Gröndahl|first3=Mika|last4=Cai|first4=Weiyi|last5=Nossiter|first5=Adam|last6=Alderman|first6=Liz|archive-date=17 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717082725/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/07/16/world/europe/notre-dame.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The alarm system was not designed to automatically notify the fire brigade, which was summoned at 18:51 after the guard had returned from the attic and reported a now-raging fire, and more than half an hour after the fire alarm had begun sounding.<ref name="nytimes20190419">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/19/world/europe/notre-dame-fire-safety.html|title=Notre-Dame's Safety Planners Underestimated the Risk, With Devastating Results|first1=Katrin |last1=Bennhold |first2=James |last2=Glanz|date=19 April 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=20 April 2019|url-access=limited|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420012938/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/19/world/europe/notre-dame-fire-safety.html|archive-date=20 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Firefighters arrived in less than ten minutes.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-notredame-firefighters/paris-firefighters-got-on-notre-dame-site-in-less-than-10-minutes-idUSKCN1RT1N7 |first=Inti |last=Landauro |title=Paris firefighters got on Notre-Dame site in less than 10 minutes |publisher=Reuters |date=17 April 2017 |access-date=23 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418104848/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-notredame-firefighters/paris-firefighters-got-on-notre-dame-site-in-less-than-10-minutes-idUSKCN1RT1N7 |archive-date=18 April 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The cathedral's flèche collapsed at 19:50, bringing down 750 tonnes of stone and lead. The firefighters inside were ordered down. By this time the fire had spread to the north tower, where the eight bells were. The firefighters concentrated their efforts in the tower. They feared that, if the bells fell, they could wreck the tower, and endanger the structure of the other tower and the whole cathedral. They had to ascend a stairway threatened by fire, and to contend with low water pressure for their hoses. As others watered the stairway and the roof, a team of 20 firefighters climbed the narrow stairway of the south tower, crossed to the north tower, lowered hoses to be connected to fire engines outside the cathedral, and sprayed water on the fire beneath the bells. By 21:45, they brought the fire under control.<ref name="New York Times 2019"/>

The main structure was intact; firefighters saved the façade, towers, walls, buttresses, and stained-glass windows. The stone vaulting that forms the ceiling of the cathedral had several holes but was otherwise intact.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Notre Dame Cathedral Fire, Paris, France |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2019/apr/15/notre-dame-cathedral-fire-paris-france-landmark-live-news |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415230652/https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2019/apr/15/notre-dame-cathedral-fire-paris-france-landmark-live-news |archive-date=15 April 2019 |access-date=15 April 2019 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> The Great Organ, which has over 8,000 [[Organ pipe|pipe]]s and was built by François Thierry in the 18th century, was also saved but damaged by water.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/deceptivecadence/2019/04/21/715271953/after-the-flames-notre-dames-centuries-old-organ-may-never-be-the-same-again|last1=Garcia-Navarro|first1=Lulu|last2=Wharton|first2=Ned|title=After The Flames, Notre Dame's Centuries-Old Organ May Never Be The Same Again|date=21 April 2019|work=NPR|access-date=21 April 2019|archive-date=2 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002144644/https://www.npr.org/sections/deceptivecadence/2019/04/21/715271953/after-the-flames-notre-dames-centuries-old-organ-may-never-be-the-same-again|url-status=live}}</ref> Because of the renovation, the copper statues on the flèche had been removed before the fire.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2019 |title=Notre-Dame cathedral engulfed by fire |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-47942176 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415185203/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-47942176 |archive-date=15 April 2019 |access-date=15 April 2019 |website=BBC News}}</ref> About 500 firefighters helped to battle the fire, President [[Emmanuel Macron]] said. One firefighter was seriously injured and two police officers were hurt during the blaze.<ref>{{cite web|last=Diebelius|first=Georgia|url=https://metro.co.uk/2019/04/15/firefighter-seriously-injured-battling-catastrophic-notre-dame-cathedral-blaze-9219156/|title=Firefighter and two police officers injured battling 'catastrophic' Notre-Dame fire|work=[[Metro (British newspaper)|Metro UK]]|date=15 April 2019|access-date=16 April 2019|archive-date=16 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416111826/https://metro.co.uk/2019/04/15/firefighter-seriously-injured-battling-catastrophic-notre-dame-cathedral-blaze-9219156/|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
No [[Christmas Mass]] was held in 2019 for the first time in more than 200 years.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/no-christmas-mass-at-notre-dame-for-the-first-time-since-napoleon/article30394415.ece|title=No Christmas Mass at Notre-Dame for the first time since Napoleon|via=Reuters|date=25 December 2019|work=The Hindu|access-date=26 December 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=2 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002144728/https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/no-christmas-mass-at-notre-dame-for-the-first-time-since-napoleon/article30394415.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The first cathedral choir performance since the fire took place in December 2020; only eight members sang because of [[COVID-19 pandemic]] restrictions. A video of the event aired just before midnight on 24 December.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/notre-dame-choir-christmas-eve-concert-first-time-back-since-fire/|title=Notre Dame choir returns for first time since devastating fire for Christmas Eve concert|work=[[CBS News]]|via=Associated Press|date=25 December 2020|access-date=26 December 2020|archive-date=2 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002144312/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/notre-dame-choir-christmas-eve-concert-first-time-back-since-fire/|url-status=live}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:NotreDame20190415QuaideMontebello (cropped).jpg|The 2019 fire destroyed Notre-Dame's wooden roof and flèche but left the outer structure largely intact.
File:Flèche en feu - Spire on Fire.jpeg|The flèche aflame during the 2019 fire, before its collapse
File:Notre Dame before and after 2019 fire.gif|Animation showing the south façade before and after the fire; scaffolding had been erected as part of renovations underway when the fire started
File:Paris and environs with routes from London to Paris handbook for travellers (1913) eingenordet.png|The area directly under the [[Crossing (architecture)|crossing]] and two other cells of vaulting collapsed
File:Notre Dame de Paris by dayV1.svg|In red, the destroyed parts
</gallery>

====Stabilisation of the building====
[[File:Notre Dame de Paris roof damage aerial.webm|thumb|The roof reduced to piles of char at the top of the mostly intact vaults]]

Immediately after the fire, Macron promised that Notre-Dame would be restored, and called for the work to be completed within five years.<ref>''Le Parisien'', 16 April 2019.</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Notre-Dame cathedral engulfed by fire|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-47942176|work=BBC News|date=15 April 2019|access-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415181717/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-47942176|archive-date=15 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Latest: French leader vows to rebuild damaged Notre Dame|url=https://www.apnews.com/91d9711a9e5549109dd04d264e02b720|publisher=Associated Press|date=15 April 2019|access-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415215922/https://apnews.com/91d9711a9e5549109dd04d264e02b720|archive-date=15 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/years-decades-uncertainty-over-time-needed-rebuild-notre-dame-doc-1fo84h1|title=Years? Decades? Uncertainty over time needed to rebuild Notre-Dame|website=AFP.com|date=16 January 2012|language=en|access-date=16 April 2019|archive-date=16 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416122216/https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/years-decades-uncertainty-over-time-needed-rebuild-notre-dame-doc-1fo84h1|url-status=live}}</ref> An international architectural competition was announced to redesign the flèche and roof.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global/2019/apr/17/france-announces-architecture-competition-rebuild-notre-dames-spire|title=France announces contest to redesign Notre Dame spire|last=Henley|first=Jon|date=17 April 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=17 April 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=2 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002144936/https://www.theguardian.com/global/2019/apr/17/france-announces-architecture-competition-rebuild-notre-dames-spire|url-status=live}}</ref> The announcement drew criticism in the international press from heritage academics and professionals who faulted the French government for being too focused on quickly building a new flèche, and neglecting to frame its response holistically as an inclusive social process encompassing the whole building and its long-term users.<ref>{{Cite news|title=In Notre Dame, we find a heritage that invites us to breathe and reflect: A spire competition is the wrong approach|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/comment/a-proustian-call-to-arms-on-notre-dame|last=Otero-Pailos|first=Jorge|date=19 April 2019|work=The Art Newspaper|access-date=13 May 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0960-6556|archive-date=11 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811002952/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/comment/a-proustian-call-to-arms-on-notre-dame|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Notre Dame Should Be Rebuilt As It Was|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/comment/notre-dame-should-be-rebuilt-as-it-was-says-a-former-director-of-unesco-s-world-heritage-centre|last=Bandarin|first=Francesco|date=30 April 2019|work=The Art Newspaper|access-date=13 May 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0960-6556|archive-date=6 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506173223/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/comment/notre-dame-should-be-rebuilt-as-it-was-says-a-former-director-of-unesco-s-world-heritage-centre|url-status=live}}</ref> A new law was drafted to make Notre-Dame exempt from [[Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage|existing heritage laws and procedures]], which prompted an open letter to Macron signed by over 1,170 heritage experts urging respect for existing regulations.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Notre-Dame: 'Monsieur le président, ne dessaisissez pas les experts du patrimoine!'|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/vox/societe/notre-dame-monsieur-le-president-ne-dessaisissez-pas-les-experts-du-patrimoine-20190428|last=Collective|first=Tribune|date=29 April 2019|work=Le Figaro|access-date=13 May 2019|language=fr|archive-date=12 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512061701/http://www.lefigaro.fr/vox/societe/notre-dame-monsieur-le-president-ne-dessaisissez-pas-les-experts-du-patrimoine-20190428|url-status=live}}</ref> The law, which passed on 11 May 2019, was hotly debated in the [[French National Assembly]], with opponents accusing Macron's administration of using Notre-Dame for political grandstanding, and defenders arguing the need for expediency and tax breaks to encourage philanthropic giving.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Le projet de loi pour la restauration de Notre-Dame adopté par l'Assemblée nationale: Ce projet de loi prévoit des dérogations aux règles d'urbanisme pour respecter le calendrier voulu par Emmanuel Macron|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2019/05/11/le-projet-de-loi-pour-la-restauration-de-notre-dame-adopte-par-l-assemblee-nationale_5460759_3224.html|last=Rescan|first=Manon|date=11 May 2019|work=Le Monde|access-date=13 May 2019|language=fr|archive-date=2 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002144312/https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2019/05/11/le-projet-de-loi-pour-la-restauration-de-notre-dame-adopte-par-l-assemblee-nationale_5460759_3224.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Macron suggested he was open to a "contemporary architectural gesture". Even before the competition rules were announced, architects around the world offered suggestions: the proposals included a {{convert|100|m|ft|adj=on}} flèche made of carbon fibre, covered with gold leaf; a roof built of stained glass; a greenhouse; a garden with trees, open to the sky; and a column of light pointed upwards. A poll published in the French newspaper ''Le Figaro'' on 8 May 2019 showed that 55% of French respondents wanted a flèche identical to the original. French culture minister [[Franck Riester]] promised that the restoration would not be hasty.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Marshall |first1=Alex |title=Glass, Golden Flames or a Beam of Light: What Should Replace Notre-Dame's Spire? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/10/arts/design/notre-dame-spire-designs.html |work=The New York Times |date=10 May 2019 |archive-date=2 October 2023 |access-date=27 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002155441/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/10/arts/design/notre-dame-spire-designs.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 29 July 2019, the French National Assembly enacted a law requiring that the restoration must "preserve the historic, artistic and architectural interest of the monument."<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite web |last=Bandarin |first=Francesco |date=2 August 2019 |title=New law regarding Notre Dame says restoration must preserve its 'historic, artistic and architectural interest' |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/analysis/it-s-official-the-new-notre-dame-will-look-like-the-old-notre-dame |work=[[The Art Newspaper]] |access-date=26 October 2020 |archive-date=19 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419113932/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/analysis/it-s-official-the-new-notre-dame-will-look-like-the-old-notre-dame |url-status=live }}</ref>

In October 2019, the French government announced that the first stage of reconstruction, the stabilising of the structure against collapse, would last until the end of 2020. In December 2019, Monseigneur Patrick Chauvet, the rector of the cathedral, said there was still a 50% chance that Notre-Dame could not be saved due to the risk of the remaining scaffolding falling onto the three damaged vaults.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/475904-notre-dame-rector-sees-maybe-50-percent-chance-cathedral-can-be|title=Notre Dame rector sees 'maybe' 50 percent chance cathedral can be saved|first=Rebecca|last=Klar|date=25 December 2019|website=The Hill|access-date=27 December 2019|archive-date=27 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227022546/https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/475904-notre-dame-rector-sees-maybe-50-percent-chance-cathedral-can-be|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2019/12/25/notre-dame-cathedral-may-not-saved-after-fire/2745848001/|title=Notre Dame Cathedral, empty for Christmas, may never recover from devastating fire|first=John|last=Bacon|website=USA Today|access-date=27 December 2019|archive-date=16 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116010947/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2019/12/25/notre-dame-cathedral-may-not-saved-after-fire/2745848001/|url-status=live}}</ref> Reconstruction could not begin before early 2021. Macron announced that he hoped the reconstructed Cathedral could be finished in time for the opening of the [[2024 Summer Olympics]].<ref name="RFIRecon">Radio France International, 10 October 2019.</ref>

The first task of the restoration was the removal of 250–300 tonnes of melted metal tubes, the remains of the scaffolding, which could have fallen onto the vaults and caused further structural damage. This began in February 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Builders back at Paris's Notre-Dame after COVID-19 shutdown|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200427-builders-back-at-paris-s-notre-dame-after-covid-19-shutdown|date=27 April 2020|website=France 24|language=en|access-date=5 May 2020|archive-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502143531/https://www.france24.com/en/20200427-builders-back-at-paris-s-notre-dame-after-covid-19-shutdown|url-status=live}}</ref> A crane {{convert|84|m|ft}} high was put in place next to the cathedral to help remove the scaffolding.<ref>LCI News, 20 December 2019.</ref> The work was completed in November 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=Incendie de Notre-Dame de Paris : le délicat démontage de l'échafaudage commence |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2020/06/08/incendie-de-notre-dame-de-paris-le-delicat-demontage-de-l-echafaudage-commence_6042105_3224.html |website=Le Monde |access-date=8 June 2020 |language=fr |date=8 June 2020 |archive-date=1 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501073332/https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2020/06/08/incendie-de-notre-dame-de-paris-le-delicat-demontage-de-l-echafaudage-commence_6042105_3224.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Wooden support beams were added to stabilise the flying buttresses and other structures.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Notre Dame Fire: One Year Later|url=https://www.wsj.com/graphics/notre-dame-fix|date=2 April 2020|website=The Wall Street Journal|language=en|access-date=10 March 2021|archive-date=24 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424045827/https://www.wsj.com/graphics/notre-dame-fix/|url-status=live}}</ref> 

On 10 April 2020, the archbishop of Paris, [[Michel Aupetit]], and a handful of participants, all in protective clothing to prevent exposure to lead dust, performed a [[Good Friday]] service inside the cathedral.<ref>{{Cite news|via= YouTube|publisher=[[KTO (TV channel)|KTO TV]]|date=10 April 2020|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2QjFAYgmvcI| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211028/2QjFAYgmvcI| archive-date=28 October 2021|title=Vénération de la Sainte Couronne d'épines à Notre-Dame de Paris|language=fr}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Music was provided by the violinist [[Renaud Capuçon]]; the lectors were the actors [[Philippe Torreton]] and [[Judith Chemla]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bfmtv.com/societe/vendredi-saint-a-notre-dame-a-quoi-servent-les-combinaisons-blanches-portees-par-les-artistes-1892252.html|publisher=[[BFM TV]]|title=Vendredi saint à Notre-Dame|date=10 April 2020|first=Salomé|last=Vincendon|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411142259/https://www.bfmtv.com/societe/vendredi-saint-a-notre-dame-a-quoi-servent-les-combinaisons-blanches-portees-par-les-artistes-1892252.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Chemla gave an [[a cappella]] rendition of ''[[Ave Maria]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSAFlbqgjfM| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211028/XSAFlbqgjfM| archive-date=28 October 2021|title=L'émouvante interprétation de l'Ave Maria chanté par la comédienne Judith Chemla|website=BFM TV YouTube Channel|publisher=[[BFM TV]]|date=10 April 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

====Heading reconstruction====
In February 2021, the selection of oak trees to replace the flèche and roof timbers destroyed by the fire began. A thousand mature trees were chosen from the forests of France, each of a diameter of {{convert|50|to|90|cm|in}} and a height of {{convert|8|to|14|m|ft}}, and an age of several hundred years. Once cut, the trees had to dry for 12 to 18 months. The trees were to be replaced by new plantings.<ref>{{cite news |title = A la recherche des chênes pour reconstruire la flêche de Notre-Dame |work = Le Figaro |date = 16 February 2021 |language=fr}}</ref> Two years after the fire, a news report stated that: "there is still a hole on top of the church. They're also building a replica of the church's spire". More oak trees needed to be shipped to Paris, where they would need to be dried before use.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 April 2021 |title=Two Years Later, Here's the Latest With Notre-Dame's Restoration |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/two-years-later-heres-latest-notre-dames-restoration/amp |access-date=15 April 2021 |website=Architectural Digest |quote=The selection of these first oaks trees is an important step on the road to the rebirth of the cathedral," says Dominique Jarlier, president of the National Federation of Forestry Municipalities. "It's part of a huge transformation. |archive-date=15 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415053549/https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/two-years-later-heres-latest-notre-dames-restoration/amp |url-status=live }}</ref> The oaks used to make the framework were tested and selected by [[Sylvatest]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2022 |title=CBT : le contrôle non destructif du bois au service de son usage efficient |url=http://www.leboisinternational.com/premiere-transformation/exploitation-forestiere/cbt-le-controle-non-destructif-du-bois-au-service-de-son-usage-efficient-701246.php/?latest |access-date=5 October 2023 |website=www.leboisinternational.com |language=fr |archive-date=20 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720200447/http://www.leboisinternational.com/premiere-transformation/exploitation-forestiere/cbt-le-controle-non-destructif-du-bois-au-service-de-son-usage-efficient-701246.php/?latest |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 18 September 2021, the public agency overseeing the Cathedral stated that the safety work was completed, the cathedral was fully secured, and that reconstruction would begin within a few months.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 September 2021|title=Notre-Dame Cathedral ready for restoration after post-fire safety work completed|url=https://www.france24.com/en/france/20210918-notre-dame-de-paris-ready-for-restauration-after-post-fire-security-works|access-date=19 September 2021|website=France 24|language=en|archive-date=28 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628183608/https://www.france24.com/en/france/20210918-notre-dame-de-paris-ready-for-restauration-after-post-fire-security-works|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Research====
In 2022, a preventive dig carried out between February and April before the construction of a scaffold for reconstructing the cathedral's flèche unearthed several statues and tombs under the cathedral.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Willsher |first=Kim |date=14 April 2022 |title='Extraordinary': ancient tombs and statues unearthed beneath Notre Dame Cathedral |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/14/ancient-tombs-statues-notre-dame-cathedral-archaeological-dig |access-date=15 April 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en |location=Paris, France}}</ref> One of the discoveries was a 14th-century lead [[sarcophagus]] found {{cvt|65|feet|order=flip}} below where the [[transept]] crosses the church's 12th-century nave.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/a-mysterious-sarcophagus-discovered-beneath-notre-dame-will-soon-be-opened-1234625466/|first=Tessa|last=Solomon|date=15 April 2022|title=A Mysterious Sarcophagus Discovered Beneath Notre-Dame Will Soon Be Opened|work=ARTnews|archive-date=8 April 2024|access-date=18 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408224659/https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/a-mysterious-sarcophagus-discovered-beneath-notre-dame-will-soon-be-opened-1234625466/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 April 2022, France's National Preventive Archaeological Research Institute ({{Interlanguage link|INRAP|fr|Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives}}) announced that the sarcophagus was extracted from the cathedral and that scientists had examined the casket using an endoscopic camera, revealing the upper part of a skeleton.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sarcophagus-notre-dame-cathedral-mystery-opened/|date=14 April 2022|title=Mysterious sarcophagus found below fire-damaged Notre Dame cathedral will soon be opened and its secrets revealed|work=CBS|archive-date=2 October 2023|access-date=19 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002144729/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sarcophagus-notre-dame-cathedral-mystery-opened/|url-status=live}}</ref> An opening was discovered below the cathedral floor, likely made around 1230 when the [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] cathedral was first under construction; inside were fragments of a choir screen dating from the 13th century that had been destroyed in the early 18th century.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/sarcophagus-discovered-notre-dame-excavation-1234622138/|first=Tessa|last=Solomon|date=17 March 2022|title=700-Year-Old Sarcophagus Discovered Beneath Notre-Dame Cathedral|work=ARTnews|archive-date=2 October 2023|access-date=18 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002144312/https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/sarcophagus-discovered-notre-dame-excavation-1234622138/|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2023, archaeologists uncovered thousands of metal staples in various parts of the cathedral, some dating back to the early 1160s. The archaeologists concluded that "Notre Dame is now unquestionably the first known Gothic cathedral where iron was massively used to bind stones as a proper construction material."<ref>{{cite web |last=Cassella |first=Carly |date=19 March 2023 |title=Notre Dame's Fire Reveals a Major Surprise Hidden in Its Architecture |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/notre-dames-fire-reveals-a-major-surprise-hidden-in-its-architecture |website=[[ScienceAlert]] |access-date=12 April 2023 |archive-date=5 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605123301/https://www.sciencealert.com/notre-dames-fire-reveals-a-major-surprise-hidden-in-its-architecture |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ouellette |first=Jennifer |date=5 January 2024 |title=Notre Dame cathedral first to use iron reinforcements in 12th century |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2024/01/notre-dame-cathedral-first-to-use-iron-reinforcements-in-12th-century/ |access-date=6 January 2024 |website=[[Ars Technica]] |language=en-us |archive-date=22 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122002228/https://arstechnica.com/science/2024/01/notre-dame-cathedral-first-to-use-iron-reinforcements-in-12th-century/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0280945 | doi-access=free | title=Notre-Dame de Paris: The first iron lady? Archaeometallurgical study and dating of the Parisian cathedral iron reinforcements | year=2023 | last1=l'Héritier | first1=Maxime | last2=Azéma | first2=Aurélia | last3=Syvilay | first3=Delphine | last4=Delqué-Kolic | first4=Emmanuelle | last5=Beck | first5=Lucile | last6=Guillot | first6=Ivan | last7=Bernard | first7=Mathilde | last8=Dillmann | first8=Philippe | journal=PLOS ONE | volume=18 | issue=3 | pages=e0280945 | pmid=36920957 | pmc=10016711 | bibcode=2023PLoSO..1880945L }}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed" heights="220">
File:Notre Dame Cathedral Renovation Feb 29,2020.jpg|Ongoing stabilization of Notre-Dame in February 2020
File:Notre Dame restoration long view Feb 29 2020.jpg|Stabilization of Notre-Dame and removal of roof debris and scaffolding in February 2020
File:Notre-Dame de Paris en 2023 et la grue du chantier.JPG|Front view of Notre-Dame in January 2023
File:Notre-Dame de Paris reconstruction.jpg|Southwest corner of Notre-Dame in September 2023
</gallery>

====Reopening====
{{main|Reopening of Notre-Dame de Paris}}
The cathedral [[Reopening of Notre-Dame de Paris|reopened]] on 7 December 2024 in a ceremony presided over by [[Laurent Ulrich]], the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paris|Archbishop of Paris]], and attended by 1,500 world leaders and dignitaries such as [[Donald Trump|US President-elect Donald Trump]], [[Jill Biden|US first lady Jill Biden]], [[William, Prince of Wales|Britain's Prince William]], and [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy|Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy]]. [[Pope Francis]] declined an invitation from Macron to attend the reopening, holding a consistory in Rome to create 21 new cardinals on that day and planning a visit to the French island of [[Corsica]] the following week.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Adamson |first1=Thomas |last2=Leicester |first2=John |date=December 7, 2024 |title=An archbishop's knock formally restores Notre Dame to life as winds howl and heads of state look on |url=https://apnews.com/article/france-notre-dame-reopening-paris-macron-f2543dc70b4d89b256cde9aa53bbbd44 |access-date=December 7, 2024 |website=Associated Press |archive-date=7 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207133826/https://apnews.com/article/france-notre-dame-reopening-paris-macron-f2543dc70b4d89b256cde9aa53bbbd44 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20241123-pope-to-skip-notre-dame-opening-for-corsica-visit|title=Pope to skip Notre Dame opening in Paris for Corsica visit|publisher=France 24|date=23 November 2024|accessdate=23 November 2024|archive-date=27 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127233823/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20241123-pope-to-skip-notre-dame-opening-for-corsica-visit|url-status=live}}</ref>