Editing Nosferatu (section)

==Release==
[[File:Zoologischer Garten Berlin - Marmorsaal im Zoo.jpg|thumb|''Nosferatu'' premiered at the ''{{lang|de|Marmorsaal}}'' in the [[Berlin Zoological Garden]]. (1900 postcard)]]Shortly before the premiere, an advertisement campaign was placed in issue #21 of the magazine ''{{lang|de|Bühne und Film}}'', with a summary, scene and work photographs, production reports, and essays, including a treatment on vampirism by [[Albin Grau]].<ref>[[#Eisner|Eisner page 60]]</ref> ''Nosferatu'' opened in the Netherlands on 16 February 1922 at the Hague Flora and Olympia cinemas.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 16, 1922 |title=ADVERTENTIEN |pages=3 |work=[[Haagsche Courant]]}}</ref> ''Nosferatu'' premiered in Germany on 4 March 1922 in the ''Marmorsaal'' of the [[Berlin Zoological Garden]]. This was planned as a large society evening entitled ''{{lang|de|Das Fest des Nosferatu}}'' (Festival of Nosferatu), and guests were asked to arrive dressed in [[Biedermeier]] costume.<!-- a topic completely missing from the English wikipedia article --><!-- to add: prolog inspired by [[Goethe]]'s [[Faust: The First Part of the Tragedy#The Prologue in the Theatre|''{{lang|de|Vorspiel auf dem Theater}}'']] presented to musical accompaniment; Erdmann's "serenade" music and solo dancer from the state opera house; costume ball; prominent Berliners --> The German cinema premiere itself took place on 15 March 1922 at Berlin's {{lang|de|Primus-Palast}}.<ref name=BrentonFilm/>

The 1930s sound version ''Die zwölfte Stunde – Eine Nacht des Grauens'' (''The Twelfth Hour: A Night of Horror''), which is less commonly known, was a completely unauthorized and re-edited version of the film. It was released in [[Vienna, Austria]] on 16 May 1930 with sound-on-disc accompaniment and a recomposition of [[Hans Erdmann]]'s original score by Georg Fiebiger, a German production manager and composer of film music. It had an alternative ending lighter than the original and the characters were renamed again; Count Orlok's name was changed to Prince Wolkoff, Knock became Karsten, Hutter and Ellen became Kundberg and Margitta, and Annie was changed to Maria.<ref name=BrentonFilm/> This version, of which Murnau was unaware, contained many scenes filmed by Murnau but not previously released. It also contained additional footage not filmed by Murnau but by a cameraman, [[Günther Krampf]], under the direction of {{ill|Waldemar Roger|de}} (also known as Waldemar Ronger).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.filmportal.de/person/waldemar-ronger_3a62870302144e28b1c4503c95b7d46e|title=Waldemar Ronger|website=www.filmportal.de|access-date=18 December 2016}}</ref> The name of director F. W. Murnau is no longer mentioned in the credits.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}} This version, lasting approximately 80 minutes, was presented on 5 June 1981 at the [[Cinémathèque Française]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Reid |first1=Brent |title=Nosferatu: Chronicles from the Vaults |url=https://www.brentonfilm.com/nosferatu-chronicles-from-the-vaults |website=brentonfilm.com |date=2 December 2016 |access-date=23 October 2022}}</ref>